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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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artificial selection |
breeding to earn a desired trail, AKA selective breeding |
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natural selection |
survival of the fittest |
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evolution |
cumulative changes in organism groups over time |
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derived trait |
newly evolved features that aren't in fossils of close ancestors |
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ancestral trait |
more primitive features that do show up in old fossils |
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homologous structure |
anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor
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vestigial structure |
reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms
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analogous strucrure |
can be used for same purpose and can be similar in construction but aren't inherited from a common ancestor |
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embryo |
early pre-birth stage in an organisms development
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biogeography |
study of distribution of plants and animals around the world
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fitness |
measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation
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camoflage |
adaptations that help organisms blend in with the enviroment |
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mimicry |
sometimes used to scare, helps some species resemble other organisms |
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Hardy-Weinberg principle |
when allelic frequencies remain constant, population is at equalibrium |
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genetic drift |
any change in allele frequencies by chance |
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founder affect |
small sample of a population settles in a different place from the rest of the population |
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bottleneck |
when a population declines to a very low number and then rebounds |
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stabilizing selection |
most common form of natural selection |
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directional selection |
increases the expression of extreme traits in a population |
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disruptive selection |
splits the population in half, removes individuals with average traits and keeps the ones with extreme forms of the traits |
