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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Politics
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Power relations wherever they exist
Power Authority Coercion The gov’t holds a monopoly on legitimate force or violence Revolution |
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Power-
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the ability to get your way even over the resistance of others
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Authority-
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legitimate power
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Coercion-
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illegitimate power
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Revolution-
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armed resistance w/ the intent to overthrow a gov’t
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Traditional authority
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Based on custom, from your parents. If you are a king, then you inherit declines w/industrialization.
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Rational-legal authority
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Based on written rules and regulations; AKA beaucratic authority. e.g. voting, president.
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Charismatic authority
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influential
got their authority because of their traits. You believe in them, you do what they say. e.g. hitler or king tone |
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True
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Authority types can overlap.
t/f |
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Traditional authority
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know who is next in line
you know who is going to be next. |
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Rational-legal authority
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people know how next will be selected.
don't know who will be selected next, but we know how. |
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Charismatic authority
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no rules of succession
there is no standard procedure that follows. |
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Routinization of charisma
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transition of authority from a charismatic leader to either a traditional or rational-legal authority.
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Monarchies
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Small societies in beginning… grew larger, cities evolved
City-states- |
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City-states-
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independent city whose power radiates outward, bringing the adjacent area under its rule
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Democracies
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Each U.S. colony was small and independent
Colonies united power to the people Representative democracy Citizenship was a new idea |
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Democracy
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power to the people
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Representative democracy
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the voters elect reps to make decisions for us.
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Dictatorship-
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power is seized by an individual and he dictates his will onto the people
it was taken by someone, and they tell people what to do. e.g. sadam |
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Oligarchy-
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power is held by a small group of individuals
rule all the people |
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Totalitarianism-
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almost total control of a people by the gov’t
form of dictatorship e.g. sadam and hitler gov't tells you what you can wear and what you watch on TV. |
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Dictatorship
Oligarchy Totalitarianism |
What are the 3 types of dictatorships and oligarcharies?
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US political system
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Political parties and elections
Democrats- assoc. w/ working class Republicans- assoc. w/ wealthier class Those elected may cross party lines when voting for legislation Both support fundamentals of U.S. political philosophy |
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Democrats-
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assoc. w/ working class
aka liberals |
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Republicans-
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assoc. w/ wealthier class
aka conservatives |
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Democratic Systems in Europe
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U.S. elections= majority wins
Europe= proportional representation (seats in legislature divided according to the proportion of votes each political party receives) Encourages minority parties Noncentrist parties- represent marginal ideas Coalition gov’t must form |
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Noncentrist parties-
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represent marginal ideas
Coalition gov’t must form |
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Europe=
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proportional representation (seats in legislature divided according to the proportion of votes each political party receives)
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majority wins
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In US elections, how do we determine who wins?
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Noncentrist parties-
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represent marginal ideas
big groups that have ideas that are different or way out their most form coalitions |
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Voting patterns
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Voting increases w/ age
Non Hispanic whites most likely vote Voting increases w/ educ. and income The more people feel they have a stake in the political system, the more likely they are to vote Voter apathy- indifference |
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Voter apathy-
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indifference
feel like vote doesn't count |
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Special interest groups- =
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people who think alike on an issue and can be mobilized for political action
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Lobbyists-
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paid to influence legislation on behalf of their clients
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Political action committees (PACs)-
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solicit and spend funds for the purpose of influencing legislation
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Money
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______ buys votes
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Functionalist Perspective
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When functioning well the state is a balanced system that protects its citizens from one another and from the gov’t
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Pluralism-
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diffusion of power among many interest groups
prevents one group from getting too much power. |
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Checks and balances-
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separation of powers among 3 branches
legislative judicial executive |
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Conflict perspective
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Decisions made by power elite, ruling class
What matters is problems of businesses and wealthy business owners |
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War
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Armed conflict between nations or politically distinct groups
not universal common expensive U.S. top seller of weapons Dehumanization |
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To show power, pride, bring democracy.
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Why war?
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Revenge
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Social causes for war?
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U.S.
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Who in the world is the top seller of weapons?
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Dehumanization and war
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soldiers view enemy as a thing or target.
people as objects |
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Beliefs that some things are sacred
Practices, rituals that center around sacred things A moral community (church) resulting from a group’s beliefs and practices |
What are the three elements of religion, as defined by Durkheim?
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Beliefs
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________ that some things are sacred.
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moral
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A _______ community (church) resulting from a group’s beliefs and practices
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Functional theory of religion
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Religion is universal b/c it meets basic needs
Functions of religion Answers questions about ultimate meaning and afterlife Emotional comfort Social solidarity Provides guidelines for everyday life Social control- norms and criminal law Adaptation Support for gov’t Supports social change Dysfunctions of religion War and terrorism can be based on religion Justification for persecution |
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Social solidarity
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unites believers
their feeling of belonging shape values w/people. |
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Dysfunctions of religion
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War and terrorism can be based on religion
Justification for persecution |
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Symbolic interactionist perspective
religion |
Religious symbols
Rituals Beliefs- values, cosmology Religious experience- born again Community- bond w/ one another |
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Religious symbols
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cross, rosary, lotus flower, temples, budda, cow, cresent moon and a star.
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Rituals
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a ceremony or practices that evokes a sense of "ahh" of the sacred.
e.g. weddings and baptisms |
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cosmology
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Looking at the big picture
ideas that provide a unified picture of the world. |
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Conflict perspective on religion
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Religion supports the status quo and maintains social inequalities
Opium of the people Reflection of social inequalities Legitimation of social inequalities |
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Opium of the people
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people are addicted to their religion some people turn to drugs to solve their problems and some people turn to religion to solve their problems. It's addictive.
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reflection
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the same things found in religion and can be found in the community.
e.g. gender & equality |
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Judaism
Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism |
What are the world's major religions?
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Judaism
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Abraham
monotheism torah- the book they use |
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Christianity
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developed from Judaism
new testament Jesus apostales largest religion in the world |
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Islam
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2nd largest religion in the world
Alla Muhammad - a profit who spread the word Koran - the book 5 pillars of faith - fasting, pilgramage to mecca |
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Hinduism
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reincarnation
polytheism Brahma India Nirvana- spiritual perfection; don't need to be reincarnated anymore. |
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Buddhism
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Asian countries
Enlightened one Meditation |
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Confucianism
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chinese culture
goal is to maintain jen- sympathy and concern for others. |
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theocracy
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gov't is basing its ruling on religion
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48
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In the US, what percentage of the population is protestant?
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25
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In the US, what percentage of the pop is catholic?
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3
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In the US, what percentage of the pop is jewish?
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11
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In the US, what percentage of the pop is christian non-specific?
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7
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In the US, what percentage of the pop has no religion?
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Cults
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New religion w/ few followers
Teachings/practices put it at odds w/ the dominant culture All religions began as cults Start w/ a charismatic leader Requires tight membership of followers Provides sense of belonging Represent a break from the past, challenge the social order |
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sect
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Second step towards becoming popular religion
Larger than cult, but still not in sync w/ mainstream society Emphasize personal salvation, evangelism |
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Cults
Sect Church Ecclesia |
What are the 4 types of religious groups?
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Church
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Formal religion, bureaucratized group
Written prayers, formal sermons |
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Ecclesia
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State religion, gov’t sponsored
gov't and religion are working together to shape society. |
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Religion in the U.S
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70% belong to church/synagogue
Membership varies by location Church-like groups associated w/ higher incomes- Episcopalians, Jews Sect-like groups associated w/ lower incomes- Baptists, Evangelicals Race/ethnicity segregation Church membership increases w/ age 94% report believe in God, 43% attend weekly |
