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117 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
brain
major portion of the central nervous sys.
cerebrum
largest portion of the brain, divided into r. and l. hemispheres; controls skeletal muscles, interprets general senses, and contains centers for sight and hearing
ventricles
spaces w/n the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid
cerebellum
located under the posterior portion the cerebrum; function is to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscle and to maintain balance
brainstem
stemlike portion of the brain that connect with the spinal cord
pons
"bridge"; connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem
medulla oblongata
located btwn the pons and spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls
midbrain
most superior portion of the brainstem
cerebrospinal fluid
clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows thru the subarachoid space around the brain and spinal cord; cushions the brain and spinal cord form shock, transport nutrienst, clears metabolic waste
spinal cord
passes thru the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra; conducts impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory info w/o brain input
meninges
three layers of mm that cover the brain and spinal cord
dura mater
tough outer layer of the meninges
arachnoid
delicate middle layer of the meninges
pia meter
thin inner layer of the meninges
nerve
cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another
ganglion
grp of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS
glia
cells that form support and nourish nervous tissue
neuron
conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous sys; destroyed neurons cannot be replaced
Alzheimer's d
d. chara. by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition, restlessnes, and impaired memory
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (Lou Gehrig d.)
cerebellitis/ duritis/ encephalitis/ encephalomyeloradiculitis/ gangliitis/ meningitis/ neuritis/ poliomyelitis/ radiculitis/ rhizomeningomyelitis/
inflammation of the cerebellum/ dura mater/ brain/ brain, spinal cord, nerve roots/ ganglion/ meninges/ nerve/ gray matter of the spinal cord/ many nerves/ nerve roots/ nerve root, meninges, spinal cord
cerebral thrombosis
pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (blood clot in a vessel of the brain)
encephalomalacia
softening of the brain
glioblastroma/ glioma/ meningioma/ neuroma/
tumor composed of developing glial tissue/ composed of glial tissue/ of meninges/ made up of nerve cells/
mengingocele/ meningomyelocele
protusion of the meninges/ meninges and spinal cord
mononeuropathy
d. affecting a single nerve
neuralgia
pain in a nerve
neurasthenia
nerve weakness
neuroarthropathy/
neuropathy/ polyneuropathy/ radiculopathy
d. of the nerves and joints/ d. of the nerves (peripheral)/ many nerves/ nerve roots
subdural hematoma
pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood
Bell palsy
paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition; symptoms: sagging mouth, nonclosure of eyelid
cerebral aneurysm
aneurysm in the cerebrum
cerebral embolism
embolus (blood/plaque clot) lodges in the cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood to the brain tissue
cerebral palsy
condition chara. by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
dementia
cognitive impairment chara. by loss of intellectual brain function
epilepsy
disorder in which the main symptom is reoccuring seizures
hydrocephalus
increased amt of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants
intracerebral hemorrhage
bleeding into the brain as a result of ruptured blood vessel w/n the brain
multiple sclerosis
degenerative d. chara. by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord
Parkinson d.
chronic degenerative d. of the CNS; symptoms; resting tremors in the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, shuffling gait
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve causing pain that travels form the thigh thru the leg to the foot and toes
shingles
viral d. that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (aka herpes zoster)
stroke
occurs when there is an interuption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients
subarachnoid hemorrhage
bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space btwn the brain and skull with blood; intense sudden headache then nausea, vomiting, and neck pain
transient ishemic attack
sudden deficient blood supply to the brain lasting for a short time; symptoms similar to a stroke, but there are usu. temporary and completely recover
ganglionectomy/ neurectomy/
excision of a ganglion/ nerve
neurolysis
separating a nerve (from adhesion)
neuroplasty
surgical repair of a nerve
neurohaphy
suture of a nerve
neurotomy/ radicotomy, rhizotomy
incision into a nerve/ nerve root
cerebral angiography
radiographic imaging of blood vessels in the brain
CT myelography
process of recording the spinal cord
electroencephalogram
record of the electrical impulses of the brain
electroencephalograph
instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain
electroencephalography
process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain
computed tomography of the brain
process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth
magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine
noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine thru a strong magnetic field; MRI produces images w/o radiation
positron emission tomography
imaging technique w/ a radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity
evoked potential studies
grp of diagnostic tests that measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimuli
lumbar puncture
insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually btwn the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
anesthesia
w/o feeling or sensation
aphasia
condition of w/o speaking
cephalagia
pain in the head (headache)
cerebral/ craniocerebral/ intracerebral/ subdural
pertaining to the cerebrum/ cranium and cerebrum/ w/n cerebrum/ below the dura mater
dysphasia
condition of difficulty speaking
encephalosclerosis
hardening of the brain
gliocyte
glial cell
hemiparesis
slight paralysis of half the body
hemiplegia
paralysis of half the body
hyperesthesia
excessive sensitivity
interictal/ postictal/ preictal
(occurring) btwn seizures or attacks/ after "/ before "
monoparesis
slight paralysis of one limb
monoplegia
paralysis of one limb
myelomalacia
softening of the spinal cord
nueroid
resembling a nerve
neurologist
physician who studies and treats d. of the nerves
neurology
study of nerves
panplegia
total paralysis
paresthesia
abnormal sensation
quadriplegia
paralysis of four limbs
afferent
conveying toward a center
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination
cognitive
pertaining to mental processes of comprehension, judgement, memory and reason
coma
state of profound unconsciousness
concussion
jarring or shaking that results in an injury
consious
awake, alert, aware of one's surrounding
convulsion
sudden, involuntary contraction of agrp of muscles
disorientation
state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity
dysarthria
inability to use speech that is distinct and connected bc of loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or CNS
efferent
conveying away from the center
gait
manner or style of walking
incoherent
unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligent manner
paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord
seizure
sudden attack w/ involuntary series of contractions
shunt
tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid
synscope
fainting or sudden loss of consiousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
unconsciousness
state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, or illness
psychiatrist
physcian who studies and treats disorders of the mind
psychiatry
specialty of the mind (branch of medicine that deals w/...)
psychogenic
originating in the mind
psychologist
specialist of the mind
psychology
study of the mind
psychopathy
any d. of the mind
psychosis
abnormal condition of the mind; chara. by extreme dearrangement w/ delusions and hallucinations
psychosomatic
pertaining to the mind and body
anxiety disorder
emotional disorder char. by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising typically from anticipation of unreal or imaged danger
ADHD
disorder of learning and behavioral problems chara. by marked inattention, distractability, impulsiviness, and hyperactivity
autism
mental disorder, features of which includeonset during infancy or childhood, inability to interact socially, repetitive body movements
bipolar disorder
mjr psychological disorder chara. by a distrubance in mood; manifested by manic and depressive episodes
major depression
mood disturbance chara, by feelings of sadness, despair, disencouragemnt, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep, difficultly w/ decision making
obsessive-compulsive disorder
disorder chara. by intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals
panic attack
episode of sudden onset of acute anxiety, w/ feelings of dizziness, sweating, chest pain
phobia
marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation
posttraumatic stress disorder
disorder chara. by an acute emotional response to a traumatic event perceived as life threatening; symptoms: anxiety, sleep disturbance, nightmares, depression
schizophrenia
any one of a lrg grp of psychotic disorders chara. by gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communictaion, withdrawal of social interaction, and disorg. of though
pica
compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice; often a result of iron def.
somatoform disorders
disorders char. by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists