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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
brain
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major portion of the central nervous sys.
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cerebrum
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largest portion of the brain, divided into r. and l. hemispheres; controls skeletal muscles, interprets general senses, and contains centers for sight and hearing
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ventricles
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spaces w/n the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid
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cerebellum
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located under the posterior portion the cerebrum; function is to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscle and to maintain balance
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brainstem
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stemlike portion of the brain that connect with the spinal cord
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pons
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"bridge"; connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem
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medulla oblongata
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located btwn the pons and spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls
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midbrain
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most superior portion of the brainstem
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cerebrospinal fluid
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clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows thru the subarachoid space around the brain and spinal cord; cushions the brain and spinal cord form shock, transport nutrienst, clears metabolic waste
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spinal cord
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passes thru the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra; conducts impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory info w/o brain input
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meninges
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three layers of mm that cover the brain and spinal cord
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dura mater
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tough outer layer of the meninges
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arachnoid
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delicate middle layer of the meninges
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pia meter
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thin inner layer of the meninges
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nerve
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cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another
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ganglion
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grp of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS
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glia
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cells that form support and nourish nervous tissue
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neuron
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conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous sys; destroyed neurons cannot be replaced
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Alzheimer's d
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d. chara. by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition, restlessnes, and impaired memory
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (Lou Gehrig d.)
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cerebellitis/ duritis/ encephalitis/ encephalomyeloradiculitis/ gangliitis/ meningitis/ neuritis/ poliomyelitis/ radiculitis/ rhizomeningomyelitis/
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inflammation of the cerebellum/ dura mater/ brain/ brain, spinal cord, nerve roots/ ganglion/ meninges/ nerve/ gray matter of the spinal cord/ many nerves/ nerve roots/ nerve root, meninges, spinal cord
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cerebral thrombosis
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pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (blood clot in a vessel of the brain)
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encephalomalacia
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softening of the brain
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glioblastroma/ glioma/ meningioma/ neuroma/
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tumor composed of developing glial tissue/ composed of glial tissue/ of meninges/ made up of nerve cells/
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mengingocele/ meningomyelocele
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protusion of the meninges/ meninges and spinal cord
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mononeuropathy
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d. affecting a single nerve
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neuralgia
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pain in a nerve
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neurasthenia
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nerve weakness
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neuroarthropathy/
neuropathy/ polyneuropathy/ radiculopathy |
d. of the nerves and joints/ d. of the nerves (peripheral)/ many nerves/ nerve roots
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subdural hematoma
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pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood
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Bell palsy
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paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition; symptoms: sagging mouth, nonclosure of eyelid
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cerebral aneurysm
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aneurysm in the cerebrum
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cerebral embolism
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embolus (blood/plaque clot) lodges in the cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood to the brain tissue
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cerebral palsy
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condition chara. by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
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dementia
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cognitive impairment chara. by loss of intellectual brain function
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epilepsy
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disorder in which the main symptom is reoccuring seizures
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hydrocephalus
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increased amt of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants
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intracerebral hemorrhage
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bleeding into the brain as a result of ruptured blood vessel w/n the brain
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multiple sclerosis
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degenerative d. chara. by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord
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Parkinson d.
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chronic degenerative d. of the CNS; symptoms; resting tremors in the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, shuffling gait
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sciatica
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inflammation of the sciatic nerve causing pain that travels form the thigh thru the leg to the foot and toes
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shingles
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viral d. that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (aka herpes zoster)
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stroke
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occurs when there is an interuption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space btwn the brain and skull with blood; intense sudden headache then nausea, vomiting, and neck pain
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transient ishemic attack
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sudden deficient blood supply to the brain lasting for a short time; symptoms similar to a stroke, but there are usu. temporary and completely recover
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ganglionectomy/ neurectomy/
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excision of a ganglion/ nerve
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neurolysis
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separating a nerve (from adhesion)
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neuroplasty
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surgical repair of a nerve
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neurohaphy
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suture of a nerve
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neurotomy/ radicotomy, rhizotomy
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incision into a nerve/ nerve root
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cerebral angiography
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radiographic imaging of blood vessels in the brain
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CT myelography
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process of recording the spinal cord
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electroencephalogram
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record of the electrical impulses of the brain
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electroencephalograph
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instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain
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electroencephalography
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process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain
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computed tomography of the brain
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process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth
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magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine
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noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine thru a strong magnetic field; MRI produces images w/o radiation
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positron emission tomography
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imaging technique w/ a radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity
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evoked potential studies
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grp of diagnostic tests that measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimuli
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lumbar puncture
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insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually btwn the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
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anesthesia
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w/o feeling or sensation
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aphasia
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condition of w/o speaking
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cephalagia
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pain in the head (headache)
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cerebral/ craniocerebral/ intracerebral/ subdural
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pertaining to the cerebrum/ cranium and cerebrum/ w/n cerebrum/ below the dura mater
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dysphasia
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condition of difficulty speaking
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encephalosclerosis
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hardening of the brain
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gliocyte
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glial cell
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hemiparesis
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slight paralysis of half the body
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of half the body
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hyperesthesia
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excessive sensitivity
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interictal/ postictal/ preictal
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(occurring) btwn seizures or attacks/ after "/ before "
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monoparesis
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slight paralysis of one limb
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monoplegia
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paralysis of one limb
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myelomalacia
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softening of the spinal cord
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nueroid
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resembling a nerve
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neurologist
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physician who studies and treats d. of the nerves
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neurology
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study of nerves
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panplegia
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total paralysis
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paresthesia
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abnormal sensation
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of four limbs
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afferent
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conveying toward a center
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ataxia
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lack of muscle coordination
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cognitive
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pertaining to mental processes of comprehension, judgement, memory and reason
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coma
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state of profound unconsciousness
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concussion
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jarring or shaking that results in an injury
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consious
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awake, alert, aware of one's surrounding
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convulsion
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sudden, involuntary contraction of agrp of muscles
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disorientation
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state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity
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dysarthria
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inability to use speech that is distinct and connected bc of loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or CNS
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efferent
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conveying away from the center
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gait
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manner or style of walking
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incoherent
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unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligent manner
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paraplegia
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paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord
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seizure
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sudden attack w/ involuntary series of contractions
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shunt
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tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid
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synscope
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fainting or sudden loss of consiousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
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unconsciousness
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state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, or illness
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psychiatrist
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physcian who studies and treats disorders of the mind
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psychiatry
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specialty of the mind (branch of medicine that deals w/...)
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psychogenic
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originating in the mind
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psychologist
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specialist of the mind
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psychology
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study of the mind
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psychopathy
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any d. of the mind
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psychosis
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abnormal condition of the mind; chara. by extreme dearrangement w/ delusions and hallucinations
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psychosomatic
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pertaining to the mind and body
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anxiety disorder
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emotional disorder char. by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising typically from anticipation of unreal or imaged danger
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ADHD
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disorder of learning and behavioral problems chara. by marked inattention, distractability, impulsiviness, and hyperactivity
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autism
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mental disorder, features of which includeonset during infancy or childhood, inability to interact socially, repetitive body movements
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bipolar disorder
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mjr psychological disorder chara. by a distrubance in mood; manifested by manic and depressive episodes
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major depression
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mood disturbance chara, by feelings of sadness, despair, disencouragemnt, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep, difficultly w/ decision making
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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disorder chara. by intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals
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panic attack
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episode of sudden onset of acute anxiety, w/ feelings of dizziness, sweating, chest pain
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phobia
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marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation
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posttraumatic stress disorder
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disorder chara. by an acute emotional response to a traumatic event perceived as life threatening; symptoms: anxiety, sleep disturbance, nightmares, depression
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schizophrenia
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any one of a lrg grp of psychotic disorders chara. by gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communictaion, withdrawal of social interaction, and disorg. of though
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pica
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compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice; often a result of iron def.
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somatoform disorders
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disorders char. by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists
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