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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ewing sarcoma
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malignant bone tumor
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exostosis
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bony growth arising from bone surface (ex - out, -ostosis - condition of bone)
example: bunion |
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osteochondromas
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made of cartilage & bone; type of exostoses
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bunion
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swelling of the metatarsophalangeal jt near base of big toe
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fracture
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traumatic breaking of bone
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closed fracture
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bone broken but no open wound
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open (compound) fracture
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bone broken & part of b0one sticks through open wound
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pathologic fracture
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disease of bone causes bone to be weak i.e. tumor or infection
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crepitus
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crackling sound made when ends of bones rub each other or against roughened cartilage
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colles fracture
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near wrist t & lower end of radius
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comminuted fracture
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bone splintered or crushed into several pieces
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compression fracture
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bone compressed (usually in vertebrae)
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greenstick fracture
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bone partilly broken; breaks on one surface & only bent on other; happens in kids
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impacted fracture
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one fragment driven firmly into other
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reduction tx of fracture
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restoration of bone to normal position
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closed reduction
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reduction w/o incision
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open reduction
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incision made into fracture area
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cast
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solid mold of body part used to immobilize injured bone
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ORIF
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open reduction/internal fixation
-involves insertion of metal plates, screws, rods, or pins to stabilize bone |
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osteogenic sarcoma
osteosarcoma |
malignant tumor arising from bone
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metastatic bone lesions
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malignant tumors from other body parts that metastasize to bone
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osteomalacia
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softening of bone; usually due to not enough Ca2+ in bone
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rickets
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childhood osteomalacia
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone & bone marrow 2ndary to infection
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osteoporosis
osteopenia |
decrease in bone density/mass; thinning & weakening of bone
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talipes
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congenital abnormality of hindfoot involving talus
most common - talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) |
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arthritis
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joint inflammation
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ankylosing spondylitis
type of arthritis |
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening joints; mainly in spine
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation & painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid (hyperuricemia)
usually affects big toe = podagra (excessive pain of foot) |
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osteoarthritis (OA)
degenerative joint disease |
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage & hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surface
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rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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chronic disease where joints become inflamed and painful. autoimmune reaction against joint tissue; particularly against synovial membrane
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ankylosis
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in RA; bony ankylosis (union) at joint can form & prevent movement
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pyrexia
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fever
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bunion
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abnormal swelling of medial aspect of joint b/t big toe & first metatarsal bone
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carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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compression by wrist ligament of the median nerve as it passes b/t the ligament & bones & tendons of wrist
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dislocation
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displacement of bone from its joint
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some types of dislocations (3)
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acromioclavicular dislocation (separated shoulder)
shoulder dislocation hip dislocation |
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ganglion
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fluid filled cyst arising from joint capsule or tendon in wrist
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herniation of intervertebral disc
slipped disc |
abnormal protrusion of fiberocartilaginous intervertebral disc into neural canal or spinal nerves
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sciatica
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pain radiating down leg
common sx of slipped disc |
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laminectomy
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surgical removal of portion of vertebral arch
tx for herniated disc |
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lyme disease
lyme arthritis |
recurrent d/o marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, neurologic and cardiac sx
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sprain
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trauma to joint with pain, swelling, and ligament injury
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strain
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overstretching of muscle
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart & lungs
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muscular dystrophy
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group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of NS
duchenne muscular dystrophy = most common |
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pseudohypertrophy
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muscles look enlarged as fat replaces functional muscle cells in muscular dystrophy
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polymyositis
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chronic inflammatory myopathy
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antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
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detects antibody present in serum of ppl with SLE
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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measures rate RBC settle to bottom of test tube
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rheumatoid factor test (RF)
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serum is tested for presence of ab found in pts with RA
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serum calcium (Ca)
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measures Ca in serum
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serum creatine kinase (CK)
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measurement of CK in serum
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uric acid test
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measures uric acid in serum
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arthrocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from joint space
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arthrography
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x-ray image after injecting contrast into joint
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arthroplasty
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surgical joint repair
ex: total hip replacement (THR) total knee replacement (TKR) |
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arthroscopy
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visual examination of inside of joint with endoscope and TV camera
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bone density test
bone densitometry |
low energy x-ray absorption in bones of spinal column, pelvis & wrist to measure bone mass
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bone scan
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uptake of radioactive substance is measured in bone
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computed tomography (CT)
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cross-sectional images taken with x-ray & computer
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diskography
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x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (disc interior)
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electromyography (EMG)
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process of recording strength of muscle contraction as result of electrical stimulation
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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radio waves & magnetic field create images of soft tissue
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muscle biopsy
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removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
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AC joint
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acromioclavicular joint
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ACL
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anterior cruciate ligament of knee
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ANA
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antinuclear antibody - indicator of SLE
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C1-C7
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cervical vertebrae
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Ca
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calcium
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CK
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creatine kinase - elevated in muscle disease
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CTS
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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DEXA or DXA
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dual energy x-ray absorptiometry - test of bone density
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DMARD
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disease modifying antirheumatic drug
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DO
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doctor of osteopathy
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DTRs
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deep tendon reflexes
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EMG
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electromyography
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate - indicates inflammation
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IM
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intramuscular
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L1-L5
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lumbar vertebrae
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LE cell
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lupus erythematosus cell
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NSAID
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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ORIF
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open reduction/internal fixation
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Ortho
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orthopedics
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OT
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occupational therapy
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P
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phosphorus
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PT
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physical therapy
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RA
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rheumatoid arthritis
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RF
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rheumatoid factor
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ROM
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range of motion
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sed rate
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erthyrocyte sedimentation rate
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SLE
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systemic lumpus erythromatosus
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T1-T12
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thoracic vertebrae
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TKR
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total knee replacement
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THP
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total hip replacement
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TMJ
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temporomandibular joint
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