Ch 15 (Exam )

Front 1

endocrine system's response/ homeostasis

Back 1

-slower response
-last longer

Front 2

nervous system's response/ homeostasis

Back 2

-faster response
-not long lasting

Front 3

Endocrine glands/hormones

Back 3

—ductless glands that produce regulating hormones

Hormones—carried by the bloodstream to target cells.

• Response is slow and long-lasting.

Front 4

Hormone:

Back 4

• A chemical messenger secreted by a cell or
group of cells into the blood for transport to specific target cells

Front 5

Pheromone-

Back 5

external hormones secreted to influence others of the same species

Front 6

Peptide hormones

Back 6

Peptide hormones

ex. epinephrine
– Hormones bring about changes without ever entering their target cells

Front 7

steroid hormones

Back 7

ex: testosterone
– Hormones trigger changes by binding to receptors inside the cell

Front 8

Androgen insensitivity-

Back 8

-XY -appears to be female
-androgen receptors on cells are nonfunctional

Front 9

Hypothalamus

Back 9

— master control center for endocrine system
• Controls glandular secretions of the pituitary gland.

Front 10

Posterior Pituitary:

Back 10

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin

Front 11

Oxytocin

Back 11

-stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth
-stimulates milk release
-positive feedback loop

Front 12

Growth Hormone:

Back 12

-secreted by anterior pituitary gland
- Promotes skeletal and muscular growth

Front 13

Pituitary dwarfism

Back 13

—perfect proportions but small stature.
• (too little GH during childhood)

Front 14

Gigantism-

Back 14

too much growth hormone during childhood

Front 15

Acromegaly

Back 15

- -too much GH in adulthood
-lengthening of the jaw, coarsening of the features, and growth in hands and feet

Front 16

Thyroid gland

Back 16

—large gland located below the larynx.
-produce hormones involved in controlling metabolism, oxygen consumption, and development

Front 17

Hypothyroidism-

Back 17

- too little thyroid hormone in the blood
a. could be caused by lack of iodine in diet (simple
goiter)
b. thyroid fails to develop properly
c. low metabolic rate, lethargy, feeling of being cold, weight gain, loss of hair

Front 18

Hyperthyroidism

Back 18

- too much thyroid hormone in the blood

Front 19

Graves disease

Back 19

- eyes protrude, increased metabolic rate, weight loss, hyperactivity

Front 20

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormones

Back 20

have opposite effects that control calcium levels in the blood

Front 21

Parathyroid glands

Back 21

—embedded in the lobes of the thyroid gland.
•

Front 22

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 22

—raises calcium levels in the blood.

Front 23

• Adrenal glands

Back 23

—sit on top of the kidneys. cortex and medulla

Front 24

adrenal medulla

Back 24

secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine which prepare body for emergency or exercise

Front 25

adrenal cortex

Back 25

secretes corticoids

Front 26

• Addison disease—

Back 26

hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex. (low levels of corticoids)
-weight loss, fatigue, weakness, hypotension, and darkening of the skin
-can be caused by TB or autoimmune disorder
-JFK had it

Front 27

Cushing syndrome

Back 27

—hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex. (excess levels of corticoids)
• characterized by body obesity especially in the face and back

Front 28

Pancreas

Back 28

— help maintain blood glucose levels as well as glucose stores

Front 29

Insulin

Back 29

—lowers blood glucose levels of the blood

Front 30

Glucagon

Back 30

—raises blood glucose levels of the blood.

Front 31

Diabetes mellitus

Back 31

—caused by the lack of insulin or by the inability of cells to take up glucose as they should.

Front 32

Diabetes Type I

Back 32

-usually juvenile onset
-problem with pancreas secreting insulin so high glucose levels in the blood

Front 33

Diabetes Type II

Back 33

-usually occurs later in life
-usually can be controlled by weight loss or exercise -problem with the cells responding to insulin

Front 34

Gonads—

Back 34

reproductive organs.
-secrete sex hormones that affect growth and development and regulate reproductive cycles and sexual behavior
-hormone production by the gonads is regulated by the anterior pituitary.

Front 35

testes and ovaries

Back 35

Testes produce testosterone.

Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.

Front 36

Thymus gland

Back 36

• Secretes a hormone which stimulates T-cell
development
* Large and most active in children.

Front 37

Pineal gland

Back 37

—located in the brain.
* Secretes melatonin which is involved in our daily sleep-wake cycle. (circadian rhythms)

Front 38

Hormones from Other Tissues:

Back 38

• Many tissues aside from the traditional endocrine
glands produce hormones. (

ex. heart- ANP,
kidneys- EPO,
gonads- testosterone estrogen and progesterone.
GI tract- hunger inducing hormones

Front 39

Homeostasis with nervous and endocrine systems

Back 39

The nervous and endocrine systems exert control over the other systems and thereby maintain homeostasis.