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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arrhennius Theory |
Based on what forms H+ (acid) and OH- (base) ions in water |
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Limits of Arrhenius Theory |
Not all reactions happen in water, and some bases don't have OH- |
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Brown-sted- Lowry Theory |
Based on what donate H+( acid) and what accepts H+ proton (base) |
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Conjugate pairs |
base ->Conjugate acid acid->Conjugate base |
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ionization of HCL |
Strong acid so it ionizes 100% which means it is not in equilibrium |
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Ionization of Acetic Acid |
Weak acid so it does not ionize 100% which means it is in equilibrium will have electro negative ions |
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Bronsted lowry Acid vs Base |
Acid- must have a removable proton base- must have a lone pair |
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Amphiprotic |
Can act as an acid and a base ex. water |
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Ka and Kb |
equilibrium constants for acid or base only for weak acid + base because they go to equilibrium A reaction can have ka and kb at the same time Pka+pkb=14 Kw= Ka*Kb (1.0*10^-14) |
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PH scale |
Based on Concentration of [H3O+] pH= -log[H3O+] pOH= -log[OH-] [H3O+] =10^-pH [OH-]= 10^-pOH pKw= -logKw (14 at 25C) pKw(14)= pH+pOH
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pH of 2 vs pH of 4 |
pH of 2 is 100x more acidic 10*10 |
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How to measure pH? |
Use litmus paper -Red paper turns blue (above 8) -Blue paper turns reds (below 5) pH meter measures voltage i a solution -more accurate |
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5% rule |
Percent ionization: [h3O] / [HA]initial |
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Acid vs base reaction |
Acid produce H3O+ Base produce OH- |
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Polyprotic Acids |
protic is based on the number of H's Ka1 is always greatest because that is when all the H3O+s are made |
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Stronger the acid... |
Weaker the conjugate base |
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Reactions always go from (based on strength of acid/base) |
Stronger member to weaker member |
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lower pKa |
Stronger acid |
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Strong Acids |
HI HBr HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3O+ |
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more polar (weaker H-X) the bond |
Stronger the acid |
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Stronger the forward reaction |
Stronger the acid |
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Larger Radius |
Stronger the acid |
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Acid strength is inversely proportional to |
the strength of H-X bond dissociation energy |
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More oxygen |
Stronger acid |
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WHen OH bonds to atom, More electronegative... means |
Stronger acid |
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Carboxylic acids |
Have -COOH group |
