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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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term used when there is any change in the shape of the annulus that causes it to bulge beyond its normal perimeter |
herniation |
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nuclear material is contained by the outer layers of the annulus and supporting ligamentous structures |
protrusion |
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frank rupture of the nuclear material into the vertebral canal |
prolapse |
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extension of nuclear material beyoud the confines of the posterior longitudinal ligament or above and below the disc space |
extrusion |
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the extruded nucleus has separated from the disc and moved away from the prolapsed area |
free sequestration |
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characterized by progressive fibrous changes in the nucleus, loss of the organization of the rings of the fibrosis and loss of cartilaginous end-plates; |
degeneration |
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degeneration there is a ____ in both water content and disc height; strong genetic component; also called _______ _____ ______ |
decrease degenerative disc disease |
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poor control in the neutral zones within the physiological range of spinal movement because of a decrease in the capacity of the neuromuscular stabilizing system to control the movement |
segmental instability |
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narrowing of a passage or opening which compromises the space in the spinal canal, nerve root cal or foramen |
stenosis |
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describe the events of fatigue breakdown and traumatic rupture of the annulus fibrosis |
a decrease in the continuity and integrity of structure of the annulus fibrosis may occur with repeated stress over time |
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what is fatigue breakdown? |
annulus breaks down as a result of repeated overloading of the spine in flexion with asymmetrical forward bending and torsional stresses |
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fatigue breakdown annulus breaks down as a result of repeated ______ of the spine in _____ with asymmetrical forward _____ and torsional stresses. |
overloading flexion bending |
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with torsional stresses, the ______ becomes distorted; the layers of the outer annulus fibrosus lose their cohesion and begin to _______ |
annulus separate |
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with repeated forward_______ and lifting stresses, the layers of the annulus are ________ and they become tightly ________ together; ________ fissures develop and the nuclear material migrates down the fissures |
bending straight packed radial |
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after injury, the _______ swells and distorts the annulus |
nucleus |
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Distortion is more severe in the region in which the _________ fibers are __________ |
annular stretched |
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if the outer layers rupture, nuclear material may ______ through the fissures |
herniate |
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rupture of the annulus can occur as a one time event or it can be superimposed on a disc where there has been gradual breakdown of the annular rings.
most commonly in traumatic _____ injuries |
traumatic rupture hyperflexion |
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what ages are more susceptible to symptomatic disc injuries? |
30-45 yrs old |
