Ch. 14 Policymaking And The Budget

Front 1

Public Policy

Back 1

a general plan of action adopted by the government to solve a social proble,

Front 2

Distributive Policies

Back 2

Government policies designed to confer a benefit

Front 3

Redistributed Policies

Back 3

polices that take government resources and transfers them from one sector of society to another.

Front 4

Regulation

Back 4

Rules that guide the operation of government programs and business markets.

Front 5

Agenda Setting

Back 5

the state of the policymaking process during which problem get defined as political issues.

Front 6

Policy Formulation

Back 6

the stage of the policymaking process during which formal propoals are developed and adopted

Front 7

Implementation

Back 7

the process of putting specific policies into operation

Front 8

Policy Evaluation

Back 8

anlysis of public policy so as to determine how well it is working

Front 9

Feedback

Back 9

Information recieved by policy makers about the effectiveness of public policy.

Front 10

fragmentation

Back 10

attacking a problem in differnet and sometimes competing ways.

Front 11

Issue Network

Back 11

a shared knowledge group consisting of representatives of various interests involved in some particular aspect of public policy.

Front 12

Monetary Policies

Back 12

policies that control the supply of money.

Front 13

Inflation

Back 13

price increases linked to a decrease in the value of the currency.

Front 14

Deficit Financing

Back 14

inject extra money into the economy

Front 15

Council of Economic Advisers
(CEA)

Back 15

a group that works within the ecevutive branch to provide advice maintaining a stable economy.

Front 16

Federal Reserve System

Back 16

the system of banks that acts as the cntral bank ofd the United States and controle monetary policies.

Front 17

Fiscal Year

Back 17

The 12 mth period used by the goverment for accounting purposes.

Front 18

Budget Authority

Back 18

The amounts that government agencies are authorized to spend for their programs.

Front 19

Budget Outlays

Back 19

the amounts that government agencies are ecpected to spend in the fiscal year.

Front 20

Reciepts

Back 20

the amount expected or obtained in taxes an other revenues.

Front 21

National Debt

Back 21

the accumulated sum of past government borrowing that remains to be paid.

Front 22

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Back 22

The budgeting arm of the Executive Office; prepares the president's budget.

Front 23

Tax Committees

Back 23

the two committees of Congress responsible for raising the revenue with which to run the government

Front 24

Authorization Committees

Back 24

committees of Congress that can authorize spending in their particular areas of responsibility.

Front 25

Appropriations Committees

Back 25

Decides which committes will actually be funded.

Front 26

Budget Committees

Back 26

One committee in each house of Congress that supervises a comprehensive budget review process.

Front 27

Congressional Budget Office

Back 27

The budgeting arm of Congress

Front 28

Gramm-Rudman

Back 28

sought to lower the national defecit to a level each year.

Front 29

Budget Enforcement Act

Back 29

A 1990 law that distinguised between mandatory and discretionary spending.

Front 30

Discretinary Spending

Back 30

authorized expenditures from annual appropriations.

Front 31

Entitlement

Back 31

legal right that the government cannot deny.

Front 32

Pay As You Go

Back 32

any tax cut or expansion of entitlement program must be offset by a tax increase or other savings.

Front 33

Balanced Budget Act

Back 33

A 1997 law that promised to balance the budget by 2002.

Front 34

Progressive Taxation

Back 34

a system of taxation wherby the rich pay higher taxes than the poor; used by the government to redistribute wealth and promote equality

Front 35

Incremental Budgeting

Back 35

a method od budget making that involves adding new funds

Front 36

Uncontrollable Outlay

Back 36

a payment that government must make by law.

Front 37

Social Sercurity

Back 37

orvides economic assistance to peopele faced with unemplyment, disability or old age.

Front 38

Social Security Act

Back 38

The law that provided for social security and is the basis of modern American social welfare.

Front 39

Medicare

Back 39

health insurance program for pepople older then 65.

Front 40

Medicaid

Back 40

A need based comprehensive medical and hospitalizaton program.