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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pathology
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study of disease
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etiology
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cause of disease
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pathogenesis
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manner by which a disease develops
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infection
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presence of a pathogonic m/o in the body
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disease
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when tissue damage occurs
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normal flora
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permanent residants
generally do not cause disease |
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transient flora
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may or may not cause infection
come and go |
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antagonism
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normal flora prevent pathogens from infecting
prevent colonization |
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bacteriocins
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produced by E. coli that inhibit other gram - cells.
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symbiosis
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relationships between normal flora and host
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mutualism
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both benefit.
Example is E. Coli - produce vitamin K and some B |
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commensalism
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one benefits. the other doesn't harm or benefit.
Staph epidermidis on our skin |
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probiotics
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live m/os given to a person for a beneficial effect. pills!
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parasitism
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one organism (m/o) benifits, the other is harmed..
example is sucessful pathogen |
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opportunistic m/o
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only causes disease when an opportunity arises
Staph aureus = toxic shock Pneumocystisis jiroveci = pneumonia in AIDS patients |
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biofilms
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slime layers
cooperative communities of microorganisms facilitate adherence, nutrient requirements/conditions, cell to cell chemical communication (quorum sensing) |
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Streptococci mutans
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form complex polysaccharides such as DEXTRAN and MONO and DIsaccharides
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Lactobacillus
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pathogens that cuase gingivitis bind to streptococci on the teeth instead of binding directly to the teeth
produce lactic acid and destroys tooth enamel |
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etiology
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study of the cause of a disease
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infectious disease
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disease caused by micro organisms
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symptoms
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subjective changes such as pain and malaise. not measurable
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signs
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objective signs that can be measured
physical things |
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syndrome
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signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease
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morbidity
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comdition of having a disease
common cold has high morbidity |
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mortality
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death from a specific disease
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communicable disease
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any disease that spreads from one host to another.
also are contagious disease |
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noncommunicable disease
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one that is spread from one host to another
tetanus! |
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incidence of a disease
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how many new cases are there this year
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prevalence of a disease
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how many people have it at a particulate time
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sporadic disease
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one that occurs occasionally wihtin a population
doesn't have a high prevelance |
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endemic disease
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one that is always present in a population
high prevelance |
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epidemic disease
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many people in an area acquire a disease in a short time period
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pandemic disease
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worldwide epidemic
HIV |
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acute disease
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short duration
flu! |
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chronic disease
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longer duration. doesn't resolve.
TB, AIDS, leprosy |
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latent disease
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causative agent goes latent
just disappears for a long time VZV causes chicken pox, and then shingles |
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local infection
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one area of the body
boil or pimple |
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systemic infection
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disease that spreads throughout the body
chicken pox |
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focal infection
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an infection occurring at multiple pounts throughout a tissue or host
TB |
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bacteremia, toxemia, viremia
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presense of bacteria, toxins, viruses in blood
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primary infection
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the acute disease
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secondary infection
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disease caued by opportunists after the primary invader
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inapparant infection
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disease without apprent symptoms.
Person is a carrier |
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predisposing factors
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nutrition, fatigue, age, life style, stress, chemotherapy, gender, climate, genetics
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incubation period
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between infection and first symptom. depends on m/o and host factors
lag phase |
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prodromal period
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follows incubation. mild symptoms
feel yourself getting sick |
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period of illness
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major symptoms evident
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period decline
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symptoms subside. recovering
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convalescence period
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body recovers
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reservoirs of infection
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where the organism is between and during disease
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human reservoirs
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carriers or convalescing patients
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animal reservoirs
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wild and domestic animals. Zoonosis
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Zoonosis
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disease that occurs primarily in animals, but which can be transmitted to humans
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nonliving reservoirs
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soil, water, drinking glasses, etc
Anthrax |
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direct
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person to person
kissing, sexual contact |
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indirect
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via a fomite (something nonliving)
drinking glass, syringes, eating utensils |
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droplet
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via coughing, talking, sneezing, etc
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mechanical transmission
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passive. ON THE BODY
shigellosis, typhoid fever |
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biological transmission
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m/o replicates in vector. BITES !
lyme disease, malaria |
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portals of exit
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respiratory tract
gastrointestinal tract urogenital tract wounds blood |
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nosocomial infections
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hospital-acquired infections
opportunistic |
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troublesome m/o in the hospital
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Staph aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. coli Enterococcus Clostridium difficile |
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epidemiology
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frequence of a disease
distribution of a disease how diseases are transmitted |
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descriptive epidemiologist
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looks back at individuals with disease, the place and time of disease
retrospective study |
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analytical epidemiologist
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compares a group of people with a disease against a group without the disease
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experimental epidemiologist
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forms a hypothesis and tests it
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