Ch. 15

Front 1

Eclectic approach (All perspectives)

Back 1

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Front 2

Psychotherapy (All perspectives)

Back 2

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Front 3

Psychoanalysis (psychoanalytic)

Back 3

Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances,dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

Front 4

Resistance (psychoanalytic)

Back 4

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material.

Front 5

Interpretation (psychoanalytic)

Back 5

In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings,resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Front 6

Transference (psychoanalytic)

Back 6

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

Front 7

Psychodynamic therapy (psychoanalytic)

Back 7

Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.

Front 8

Insight therapies (psychoanalytic and humanistic)

Back 8

A variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Front 9

Client-centered therapy (humanistic)

Back 9

Developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine,accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

Front 10

Active listening (humanistic)

Back 10

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client centered therapy.

Front 11

Unconditional positive regard (humanistic)

Back 11

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude,which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Front 12

Behavior therapy (behaviour)

Back 12

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Front 13

Counterconditioning (behaviour)

Back 13

A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors;includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Front 14

Exposure therapies (behaviour)

Back 14

Behavioral techniques,such as systematic desensitization,that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.

Front 15

Systematic desensitization (behaviour)

Back 15

A type ofexposure therapy that associates apleasant relaxed state with graduallyincreasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.Commonly used to treat phobias.

Front 16

Virtual reality exposure therapy (behaviour)

Back 16

Ananxiety treatment that progressivelyexposes people to simulations of theirgreatest fears, such as airplane flying,spiders, or public speaking.

Front 17

Aversive conditioning (behaviour)

Back 17

A type ofcounterconditioning that associates anunpleasant state (such as nausea) withan unwanted behavior (such as drinkingalcohol).

Front 18

Token economy (behaviour)

Back 18

An operant conditioningprocedure in which people earna token of some sort for exhibiting adesired behavior and can later exchangethe tokens for various privileges ortreats.

Front 19

Cognitive therapy (cognitive)

Back 19

Therapy thatteaches people new, more adaptiveways of thinking and acting; based onthe assumption that thoughts intervenebetween events and our emotionalreactions.

Front 20

Cognitive-behavior therapy (cognitive and behaviour)

Back 20

A popularintegrated therapy that combinescognitive therapy (changing self defeatingthinking) with behavior therapy(changing behavior).

Front 21

Family therapy (All perspectives)

Back 21

Therapy that treats thefamily as a system. Views an individual’sunwanted behaviors as influenced by, ordirected at, other family members.

Front 22

Regression toward the mean

Back 22

The tendencyfor extremes of unusual scores tofall back (regress) toward their average.

Front 23

Meta-analysis

Back 23

A procedure for statisticallycombining the results of manydifferent research studies.

Front 24

Evidence-based practice

Back 24

Clinicaldecision-making that integrates thebest available research with clinicalexpertise and patient characteristicsand preferences.

Front 25

Biomedical therapy (biomedical)

Back 25

Prescribed medicationsor medical procedures that actdirectly on the patient’s nervous system.

Front 26

Psychopharmacology (biomedical)

Back 26

The study of theeffects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Front 27

Antipsychotic drugs (biomedical)

Back 27

Drugs used totreat schizophrenia and other forms ofsevere thought disorder.

Front 28

Tardive dyskinesia (biomedical)

Back 28

Involuntary movementsof the facial muscles, tongue, andlimbs; a possible neurotoxic side effectof long-term use of antipsychotic drugsthat target certain dopamine receptors.

Front 29

Antianxiety drugs (biomedical)

Back 29

Drugs used to controlanxiety and agitation.

Front 30

Antidepressant drugs (biomedical)

Back 30

Drugs used totreat depression; also increasingly prescribedfor anxiety. Different types workby altering the availability of variousneurotransmitters.

Front 31

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (biomedical)

Back 31

A biomedical therapy for severelydepressed patients in which a brief electriccurrent is sent through the brain ofan anesthetized patient.

Front 32

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (biomedical)

Back 32

The application ofrepeated pulses of magnetic energy tothe brain; used to stimulate or suppressbrain activity.

Front 33

Psychosurgery (biomedical)

Back 33

Surgery that removesor destroys brain tissue in an effort tochange behavior.

Front 34

Lobotomy (biomedical)

Back 34

A now-rare psychosurgicalprocedure once used to calm uncontrollablyemotional or violent patients. Theprocedure cut the nerves connecting thefrontal lobes to the emotion-controllingcenters of the inner brain.