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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anticodon |
A nucleotide triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule. |
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codon |
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code. |
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exon |
A sequence within a primary transcript that remains in the RNA after RNA processing; also refers to the region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed. |
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intron |
A noncoding, intervening sequence within a primary transcript during RNA processing; also refers to the region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed. |
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reading frame |
On an mRNA, the triplet grouping of ribonucleotides used by the translation machinery during polypeptide synthesis. |
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ribosome |
A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large subunit and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus. |
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RNA polymerase |
An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription, based on complementary binding to nucleotides on a DNA template strand. |
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RNA processing |
Modification of RNA primary transcripts, including splicing out of introns, joining together of exons, and alteration of the 5' and 3' ends. |
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template strand |
The DNA strand that provides the pattern, or template, for ordering, by complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. |
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transcription |
The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template. |
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transcription unit |
A region of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule. |
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translation |
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides in amino acids. |
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triplet code |
A genetic information system in which a series of three-nucleotide-long words specifies a sequence of amino acids for a polypeptide chain. |
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wobble |
Flexibility in the base-pairing rules in which the nucleotide at the 5' end of a tRNA anticodon can form hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the third position (3' end) of a codon. |
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tRNA |
An RNA molecule that functions as a translator between nucleic acid and protein languages by picking up a specific amino acid and carrying it to the ribsome, where the tRNA recognizes the appropriate codon in the mRNA. |
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rRNA |
RNA molecules that, together with proteins, make up ribosomes; the most abundant type of RNA. |
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mRNA |
A type of RNA, synthesized using a DNA template, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein. (In eukaryotes, the primary RNA transcript must undergo RNA processing to become mRNA.) |
