Brain And Brain Stem

Front 1

Medulla oblongata

Back 1

Relays sensory and motor info

Front 2

Contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmic centers

Back 2

Medulla oblongata

Front 3

Contains sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves 8-12

Back 3

Medulla oblongata

Front 4

Pons

Back 4

Major junction for info to and from cerebellum; relays sensory and motor info

Front 5

Contains sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves 5-8

Back 5

Pons

Front 6

A pneumatic and pneumotaxic centers adjust activity of respiratory in medulla)

Back 6

Pons

Front 7

Mesencephalon

Back 7

Contain corpora quadrigemina: superior colliculi = visual; inferior colliculi = auditory <=responsible for reflexes due to light and sound

Front 8

Cerebellum

Back 8

Control movement (posture and movement pattern)

Front 9

Parts of diencephalon

Back 9

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Front 10

Thalamus

Back 10

Left and right masses of nuclei connected by interthalamic adhesion

Front 11

Thalamus

Back 11

nuclei relay sensory info to cerebrum ( emotion, touch / pressure / pain / temperature / position, visual and auditory info)

Front 12

Hypothalamus

Back 12

Control of autonomic functions, temperature, circadian rhythm

Front 13

Mammillary bodies

Back 13

Process olfactory info, control eating reflexes

Front 14

Infundibulum

Back 14

Connection to pituitary gland

Front 15

Pituitary gland

Back 15

Hormones ADH and oxytocin

Front 16

Epithalamus

Back 16

Pineal gland produces melatonin ( day - night cycles )

Front 17

Limbic system

Back 17

Emotions and memory, anatomy: amigdala, fornix, hippocampus

Front 18

Basal nuclei

Back 18

Processing sensory info and issuing motor commands at a subconscious level

Front 19

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 19

Monitors brain activity, electrodes are placed on the skull, patterns of electrical activity (brain waves) are printed out

Front 20

Septum pellucidum

Back 20

Thin medial partition that separates each cerebral hemisphere

Front 21

Third ventricle

Back 21

Ventricle of diencephalon, lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle

Front 22

Interventricular foramen

Back 22

Foramen of Monro, allows communication between third ventricle and lateral ventricles

Front 23

4th ventricle

Back 23

Connect with third ventricle via narrow canal in midbrain called the cerebral aqueduct

Front 24

Fourth ventricle

Back 24

Extends into medulla oblongata, becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord

Front 25

Cerebral aqueduct

Back 25

Connect with third ventricle via narrow canal and midbrain

Front 26

Cranial meninges

Back 26

Same layers as spinal cord, protect the brain from cranial trauma

Front 27

Where CSF is produced

Back 27

Ependymal cells in choroid plexus

Front 28

Where CSF flows

Back 28

Ventricles and central canal

Front 29

How CSF get into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Back 29

Lateral and medial aperture

Front 30

How CSF ends up in the venous system

Back 30

Arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus

Front 31

Falx cerebri

Back 31

Projects between the cerebral hemispheres, contains superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus

Front 32

Tentorium cerebelli

Back 32

Contains transverse sinus, separate cerebellum and cerebrum

Front 33

Falx cerebelli

Back 33

Divides cerebellar hemispheres below the tentorium cerebelli

Front 34

Dural folds

Back 34

Folded inner layer of dura mater, extend into cranial activity, stabilize and support brain, contain collecting veins, dural sinuses

Front 35

What are the three dural folds

Back 35

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, Falx cerebelli

Front 36

Blood - brain barrier

Back 36

Isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation

Front 37

Tight junctions

Back 37

Between endothelial cells of CNS capillaries

Front 38

Astrocytes

Back 38

Control blood - brain barrier by releasing chemicals that control permeability of endothelium

Front 39

Cerebellar hemisphere

Back 39

Separated at midline by vermis ( narrow band of cortex )

Front 40

Vermis

Back 40

Narrow band of cortex

Front 41

anterior and posterior lobes

Back 41

Separated by primary fissure

Front 42

Folia

Back 42

Surface of cerebellum, highly folded neural cortex

Front 43

Arbor Vitae

Back 43

Tree of Life, highly branched internal white matter of cerebellum

Front 44

Peduncles

Back 44

Tracts link cerebellum with brain stem, cerebrum, spinal

Front 45

Superior cerebellar peduncles

Back 45

Connect to midbrain, diencephalon, and cerebrum

Front 46

Middle cerebellar peduncles

Back 46

Connect two pons,( over)

Front 47

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

Back 47

Connect to medulla oblongata (down)

Front 48

Central sulcus

Back 48

Divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe

Front 49

Lateral sulcus

Back 49

Divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe

Front 50

Parietal - occipital sulcus

Back 50

Divides parietal lobe from occipital lobe

Front 51

Association fibers

Back 51

Connections within one hemisphere , interconnect cortical areas within the same hemisphere

Front 52

Commissural fibers

Back 52

Bands of fibers connecting two hemispheres, corpus callosum, anterior commissure

Front 53

Projection fibers

Back 53

Connect cerebrum with lower areas, pass-through diencephalon, link cerebral cortex with diencephalon brainstem cerebellum and spinal cord

Front 54

Motor areas

Back 54

Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe = primary motor cortex, direct voluntary movements

Front 55

Sensory areas

Back 55

Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe = primary sensory cortex, somatic sensory info

Front 56

Visual cortex

Back 56

Info from site receptors

Front 57

Auditory cortex

Back 57

Info from Sound receptors

Front 58

Olfactory cortex

Back 58

Info from order receptors

Front 59

Gustatory cortex

Back 59

Info from taste receptors

Front 60

Somatic sensory Association area

Back 60

Interprets input to primary sensory cortex

Front 61

Somatic motor Association area

Back 61

Coordinate motor responses, learned movements

Front 62

Visual association area

Back 62

Interprets activity in visual cortex

Front 63

Auditory Association area

Back 63

Monitors auditory cortex

Front 64

Olfactory

Back 64

(I) small sensory nerves for smell

Front 65

Optic

Back 65

(2) sensory nerve for vision

Front 66

Oculomotor

Back 66

(3) supplies 4-6 extrinsic muscles that move the eye ball

Front 67

Trochlear

Back 67

(4) innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye

Front 68

Trigeminal

Back 68

(5) pick three branches maxillary mandibular

Front 69

Abducens

Back 69

(6) innervates lateral rectus muscle of eye

Front 70

Facial

Back 70

(7) sensory and motor skills to face scalp and tongue

Front 71

Vestibulocochlear

Back 71

(8) vestibular-balance, position, movement ; cochlear- hearing

Front 72

Glossopharyngeal

Back 72

(9)tongue and pharynx - swallowing

Front 73

Vagus

Back 73

(10) extends beyond head and neck , vital to autonomic control of visceral functions ( heart, lungs, digestive tract )

Front 74

Accessory

Back 74

(11) internal branch- swallowing, external- muscles of pectoral girdle

Front 75

Hypoglossal

Back 75

(12) innervates muscles of tongue