Ch 13 Study Guide

Front 1

conjunctiva

Back 1

lines the eyelid

Front 2

lacrimal glands

Back 2

secrete tears to moisten the eyeball

Front 3

globe

Back 3

the eyeball

Front 4

sclera

Back 4

protective shield; maintains the shape of the eye; white of the eye

Front 5

cornea

Back 5

transparent front part of the sclera

Front 6

choroid

Back 6

opaque (light doesn't pass through; opposite of transparent) middle layer of the eyeball; provides blood supply for the eye

Front 7

iris

Back 7

colored circle (muscle) of the eye; some are brown, some blue, some hazel

Front 8

pupil

Back 8

opening in the center of the eye, where light enters; regulates the amount of light entering the eye

Front 9

lens

Back 9

located behind the pupil and iris; for refraction (bending light rays)

Front 10

ciliary muscles

Back 10

alter the shape of the lens

Front 11

retina

Back 11

innermost layer of the eye; has nerve endings that are responsible for the reception and transmission of light impulses

Front 12

optic nerve

Back 12

carries the nerve impulses from the eye to the brain

Front 13

optic disc

Back 13

where the optic nerve and blood vessels of the eye enter the eyeball; also called blind spot, because it doesn't have any rods or cones

Front 14

macula lutea

Back 14

area in the center of the retina

Front 15

anterior chamber

Back 15

behind the cornea and in front of the iris

Front 16

posterior chamber

Back 16

located between the iris and the lens

Front 17

aqueous humor

Back 17

watery substance; provides nourishment for the lens and the cornea. The body continuously produces this. If it fails to drain from the eye, like it should, glaucoma results

Front 18

vitreous humor

Back 18

jelly-like substance; body does not continuously produce this; vitreous humor, along with aqueous humor help with refraction (bending light rays)

Front 19

accommodation

Back 19

you can see up close and far away with the lens we are born with

Front 20

emmetropia

Back 20

normal vision

Front 21

diopter

Back 21

measurement of the lens refractive power

Front 22

myopia

Back 22

nearsightedness

Front 23

hyperopia

Back 23

farsightedness

Front 24

presbyopia

Back 24

farsightedness caused by the aging process

Front 25

astigmatism

Back 25

the cornea or lens has a defective curvature

Front 26

Glaucoma

Back 26

Takes away the peripheral vision
Is increased intraocular pressure, because of aqueous humor not draining out

Front 27

two kinds of Strabismus

Back 27

exotropia
esotropia

Front 28

exotropia

Back 28

eyes turn outward

Front 29

esotropia

Back 29

eyes turn toward each other; cross-eyed

Front 30

Macular degeneration

Back 30

deterioration of the macula of the retina
central/straight ahead vision is affected; your peripheral (side) vision is fine
age-related
person rarely goes blind

Front 31

conjunctivitis

Back 31

inflammation of conjunctiva (pink eye)

Front 32

hordeolum/sty

Back 32

cyst on eyelid with bacterial infection

Front 33

nyctalopia

Back 33

night vision - have trouble seeing at night

Front 34

photophobia

Back 34

fear of light - light bothers the eyes

Front 35

enucleation

Back 35

removal of eyeball (i.e. treatment of cancer)

Front 36

Cataract

Back 36

clouding of lens

Front 37

phacoemulsification

Back 37

busting up lens - to remove - replacement lens put in - cataract surgery

Front 38

optometrist

Back 38

not a medical doctor - does eye exams

Front 39

ophthalmologist

Back 39

is a medical doctor - does the surgeries

Front 40

RK

Back 40

corrective surgery -- use knife to cut slits in cornea

Front 41

PRK

Back 41

corrective surgery -- use laser to cut slits in cornea

Front 42

Lasik

Back 42

corrective surgery -- create a flap - then cut slits in cornea - then pull flap back down

Front 43

Intacs

Back 43

corrective surgery -- rings put on cornea to reshape

Front 44

PRELEX

Back 44

corrective surgery -- new lens put in

Front 45

IOP

Back 45

intraocular pressure

Front 46

OD

Back 46

right eye

Front 47

OS

Back 47

left eye

Front 48

OU

Back 48

each eye/both eyes

Front 49

PERRLA

Back 49

pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation

Front 50

The three major sections of the ear are

Back 50

outer/external ear, middle ear/tympanic, inner ear/labyrinth

Front 51

pinna/auricle

Back 51

collects sound waves; where the sound waves enter

Front 52

external auditory canal/meatus

Back 52

lined with glands that secrete ear wax (cerumen)

Front 53

tympanic membrane/eardrum

Back 53

separates the outer ear from the middle ear

Front 54

auditory ossicles

Back 54

transmit sound waves through the middle ear

Front 55

The three ossicles/bones are

Back 55

malleus/hammer, incus/anvil, stapes/stirrups.

Front 56

eustachian tube

Back 56

connects the middle ear to the pharynx; equalize pressure on the outer and inner surfaces of the eardrum

Front 57

oval window

Back 57

separates the middle ear from the inner ear

Front 58

cochlea

Back 58

snail-shaped; in the inner ear

Front 59

semicircular canals

Back 59

organs for equilibrium/balance

Front 60

otitis media

Back 60

inflammation of the middle ear
most common in infants and young children, especially those with upper respiratory infection

Front 61

pressure-equalizing tubes

Back 61

put in to cure otitis media (drains pus and relieves pressure)

Front 62

tinnitus

Back 62

ringing/roaring noise in ear

Front 63

vertigo

Back 63

dizzy

Front 64

-scopy

Back 64

visual examination

Front 65

-graphy

Back 65

process of recording (taking an x-ray)

Front 66

-metry

Back 66

process of measuring

Front 67

AD

Back 67

right ear

Front 68

AS

Back 68

left ear

Front 69

AU

Back 69

both ears

Front 70

HEENT

Back 70

head eyes ears nose throat