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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anemia
types? (6) |
RBC or hemoglobin deficiency
iron deficiency anemia = most common aplastic, hemolytic, pernicious, sickle cell & thalassemia |
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aplastic anemia
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aplasia (no development/formation) of bone marrow cells causes failure of blood cell making
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pancytopenia
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stem cells fail to make leukocytes, platelets & RBCs
type of aplastic anemia |
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hemolytic anemia
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reduction of RBC due to excessive destruction
ex: congenital spherocytic anemia (hereditary spherocytosis) - RBC are shperoidal instead of biconcave - more fragile & easily destroyed |
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pernicious anemia
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B12 deficiency --> RBC can't mature
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sickle cell anemia
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hereditary condition with abnormal sickle shaped RBC & hemolysis
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thalassemia
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inherited defect in ability to make hemoglobin; mostly in mediterranean background
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hemochromatosis
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excess Fe deposits throughout body
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polycythemia vera
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general increase in RBC (erythremia) - blood becomes thick
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hemophilia
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excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factor 8 or 9 needed for clotting
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purpura
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multiple pinpoint of hemorrhages & accumulation of blood under skin
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petechiae
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- tiny purple/red flat spots appearing on skin due to hemorrhages
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eccymoses
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larger blue or purple patches on skin
bruises* |
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autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
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condition where pt makes ab that destroys platelets
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leukemia
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increase in cancerous WBC
acute - immature WBC leukemia chronic - mature WBC leukemia |
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acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)
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immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) cancer
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acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
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immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) cancer
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chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)
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both mature & immature granulocytes present in marrow and bloodstream
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chornic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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abnormal #s of relatively mature lymphocytes
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granulocytosis
2 examples |
abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood
ex: eosinophilia, basophilia |
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eosinophilia
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increase in eosinophilic granulocytes
(allergic conditions (asthma), parasitic infections) |
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basophilia
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increase in basophils in certain types of leukemia
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mononucleosis
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infectious disease with increase in leukocytes & enlarged cervical lymph nodes
caused by EBV |
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multiple myeloma
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malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
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antiglobulin test
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test for ab that coat & dmg RBC
ex: Rh (-) moms for Rh ab |
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bleeding time
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time required for blood to stop flowing from tiny puncture wound
usually 8 min or less |
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coagulation time
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time needed for venous blood to clot in test tube
usually 15 min or less |
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complete blood count (CBC)
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determination of # of red & white cells, platelets, hb lvl & hematocrit, & red cells indices - MCH, MCV, MCHC
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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speed which RBC settles out of plasma
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hematocrit (Hct)
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% of RBC in a vol of blood
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hemoglobin test (H, Hg, HGB)
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total amt of hemoglobin in sample of peripheral blood
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partial throboplastin time (PTT)
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measures the presence of plasma factors that act in portion of coagulation pathway
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platelet count
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# of platelets per mm^3 or uL of blood
usually avg 150,000-350,000 |
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prothrombin time (PT)
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test of blood clot ability
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red blood cell count (RBC)
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# of RBC per mm^3 or uL of blood
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red blood cell morphology
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microscopic examination of stained blood smear to determine shape of individual RBC
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white blood cell count (WBC)
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# of WBC per mm^3 or uL of blood
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white blood cell differential
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% of total WBC made up by diff types of WBCs
shift to the left - increase in immature neutrophils in blood |
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apheresis
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separation of blood into component parts & removal of select part from the blood
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blood transfusion
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whole blood or cells taken from donor & infused to patient
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autologous tranfusion
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collection & later reinfusion of pt's own blood or blood components
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packed cells
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prep of RBC separated from liquid plasma and given in severe anemiea to restore hgb & rbc levels w/o overdiluting blood with excess fluid
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bone marrow biopsy
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microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with needle
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bone marrow aspirate
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bone marrow removed by bried suction made by syringe
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hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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peripheral stem cells from compatible donor given into recipient's vein
similar procedure done for bone marrow transplant |
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graft versus host disease (GVHD)
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serious infection of people who get transplants
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