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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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snow survives through one summer, it converts to rounded ice grains
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firn
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massive, long-lasing, moving mass of compacted snow and ice
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glacier
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glacier that forms in mountainous terrain
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alpine glaciers
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glacier that forms a continuous cover of ice over areas of 50,000 square kilometers or more and spreads outward under the influence of its own weight
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ice sheet or continental glacier
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entire glacier slides over bedrock in the same way that a bar of soap slides over bedrock in the same way that a bar of soap slides down a tilted board
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basal slip
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ice flows as a viscous fluid
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plastic flow
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when glacier flows over uneven bedrock, the deeper platic ice bends and flows over bumps, while the brittle upper layer stretches and cracks
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crevasses
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section of a glacier consisting of crevasses and towering ice pinacles
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ice fall
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higher elevation part of the glacier
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zone of accumulation
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this lower part of a glacier, where more snow melts in summer than accumulates in winter
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zone of ablation
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boundary between permanent snow and seasonal snow
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snow line
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rate of glacial flow cannot keep pace with melting
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terminus
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giant chunks of ice form
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iceberg
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rocks embedded in the ice scrape across bedrock, cutting deep, parallel grooves and scratches
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glacial striations
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scours the side of the valleys as well as the bottom, carving a broad, rounded,
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u-shaped valley
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beneath us, a steep cliff drops off into a horse-shoe shaped depression in the mountain side
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cirque
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commonly connected by rapids and waterfalls
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paternoster lakes
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when the glacier melts, this depression fills with water, forming a small lake
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tarn
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steep, pyramid shaped rock summit
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horn
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two alpine glaciers flowing along opposite sides of a mountain ridge may erode both sides of the ridge, forming a sharp, narrow
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arete
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small glacial valley lying high above the floor of the main valley
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hanging valley
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deep, narrow inltes
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fjords
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as all rock or sediment transported and deposited by glaciers
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drift
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sediment deposited directly by glacial ice
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till
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sediment that was transported by a glacier and then sorted, deposited, and layered by glacial melting
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stratified drift
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a boulder that was transported to its present location by a glacier.
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erratics
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during that time, sediment accumulates at the terminus to form a ridge
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end moraine
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end moraine that forms when a glacier is at its greatest advance
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terminal moraine
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forms at the terminus of a glacier as the glacier stabilizes temporarily retreat
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recessional moraine
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formed when a melting glacier deposits till in a relatively thin layer over a broad area
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ground moraine
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sediment near the glacial margins
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lateral moraine
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till forms a visible dark stripe on the surface of the ice
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medial moraine
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elongate hills
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drumlins
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stream deposits this sediment beyond the glacier terminus
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outwash
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outwash deposited in a narrow valley
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valley train
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sediment spreads out from the confines of the valley into a larger valley or plain
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outwash plain
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streams commonly deposit small mounds of sediment
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kames
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long, sinous ridge that forms as the channel deposit of a stream that flowed within or beneath a melting glacier
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esker
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depression
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kettle
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time when alpine glaciers descend into lowland valleys and continental glaciers spread over land in high latitudes
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ice age
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the shape of an ellipse
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eccentricity
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circling
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precession
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precambrian global glaciations is based on a unique type of rock called
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tillite
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