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Nauvoo

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a small city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States. Although the population was just 1,063 at the 2000 census, and despite being difficult to reach due to its location in a remote corner of Illinois, Nauvoo attracts large numbers of visitors[citation needed] for its historic importance and its religious significance to members of both The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Community of Christ (formerly Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), other groups stemming from the Latter Day Saint movement, and groups such as the Icarians. The city and its immediate surrounding area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Nauvoo Historic District

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1844 election

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Democrat James Knox Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on foreign policy

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John Tyler

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was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845) and the first to succeed to the office following the death of a predecessor.

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James K Polk

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was the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849). Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina

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Manifest Destiny

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phrase which invoked the idea of divine sanction for the territorial expansion of the United States

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54-40 or Fight

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The Oregon Dispute became important in geopolitical diplomacy between the British Empire and the new American Republic. In 1844 the U.S. Democratic Party, appealing to expansionist sentiment and the popular theme of manifest destiny, asserted that the U.S. had a valid claim to the entire Oregon Country up to Russian America at parallel 54°40′ north.

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Zachary Taylor

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was the 12th President of the United States

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Treaty of Guadulupe Hidalgo

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the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States[1][2] to the interim government of a militarily occupied Mexico City, that ended the Mexican-American War (1846 – 48) on February 2, 1848. With the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital, Mexico surrendered to the United States and entered into negotiations to end the war.

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Winfield Scott

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was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852

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John C. Frémont

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was an American military officer, explorer, and the first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the United States. During the 1840s, that era's penny press accorded Frémont the sobriquet The Pathfinder. It remains in use, and he is sometimes called The Great Pathfinder.[2][3] He retired from the military and moved to the new territory California, after leading a fourth expedition which cost ten lives seeking a rail route over the mountains around the 38th parallel in the winter of 1849.

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Samuel Morse

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was an American contributor to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs, co-inventor of the Morse code, and an accomplished painter.

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Frederick Metz

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founded and owned the Metz Brewery in Omaha, Nebraska for forty years. He was also a two-time representative in the Nebraska Legislature, and an influential member of Omaha society.[1]

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Charles Goodyear

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was the first to vulcanize rubber, a process which he discovered in 1839 and patented on June 15, 1844. Although Goodyear is often credited with its invention, modern evidence has proven that the Mesoamericans used stabilized rubber for balls and other objects as early as 1600 BC.[1]
Goodyear discovered the vulcanization process accidentally after five years of searching for a more stable rubber

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Cyrus McCormick

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was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902.[1] He and many members of the McCormick family became prominent Chicagoans. Although McCormick is often called the "inventor" of the mechanical reaper, it was based on work by others, including his family members.

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Walt Whitman

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was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.[1] His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.

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Free Development

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The idea that the spread of American rule meant "extending the area of freedom"

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Young America

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A phrase first used by Emerson to describe a new era of commercial development, technological progress, and territorial expansion.

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Stephen F Austin

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Son of a one-time Spanish citizen that was granted land to help attract and settle new colonists from the US to texas

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Webster-Ashburton Treaty

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842 agreement with Britain that resolved the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick, Canada, setting the northeastern U.S. border

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Oregon Trail

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he great overland route that brought the wagon trains of American migrants to the west coast during the 1840s.

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Santa Fe Trail

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Trail that ran from Missouri to Santa Fe and served as a trade route between New Mexico and American merchants

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Joseph Smith

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The founder of mormonism

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Book of Mormon

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A new scripture published by Smith that was the record of a community of pious Jews who left the Holy Land six centuries before the birth of Christ and sailed to the American continent.
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Bringham Young

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Smith's successor who established a mormon community in Utah

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Smith's successor who established a mormon community in Utah

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Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. He is best known for his novel Moby-Dick and the posthumous novella Billy Budd. His first three books gained much contemporary attention (the first, Typee, becoming a bestseller), but after a fast-blooming literary success in the late 1840s, his popularity declined precipitously in the mid-1850s and never recovered during his lifetime. When he died in 1891, he was almost completely forgotten. It was not until the "Melville Revival" in the early 20th century that his work won recognition, especially Moby-Dick which was hailed as one of the literary masterpieces of both American and world literature. He was the first writer to have his works collected and published by the Library of America.
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Daniel Webster

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Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was a leading American statesman and senator during the nation's Antebellum Period. He first rose to regional prominence through his defense of New England shipping interests. Webster's increasingly nationalistic views and the effectiveness with which he articulated them led him to become one of the most famous orators and influential Whig leaders of the Second Party System. As a leader of the Whig Party, he was one of the nation's most prominent conservatives, leading opposition to Democrat Andrew Jackson and the Democratic party. He was a spokesman for modernization, banking and industry. He was an acknowledged elitist.[2] During his forty years in national politics Webster served in the House of Representatives for ten years (representing New Hampshire), the Senate for nineteen years (representing Massachusetts), and served as the Secretary of State for three presidents.
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Secularization Act

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The Revolutionary Secularization Act of 1833 Broadside Signed in Type by President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (CALIFORNIA) Rare Early Broadside Secularizing Church Property in Order to Encourage Settlement.

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Empresarios

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An empresario was a person who, in the early years of the settlement of Texas, had been granted the right to settle on Mexican land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for new settlers. The word is Spanish for entrepreneur.
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Santa Anna

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Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 –; 21 June 1876),[1] often known as Santa Anna[2] or López de Santa Anna, self-called the Napoleon of the West, was a Mexican political leader, general, and president who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government. Santa Anna first fought against the independence from Spain, and then supported it. He was not the first caudillo (military leader) of Mexico, but he was among the most original.[3] He rose to the ranks of general and president at various times over a turbulent 40-year career. He was President of Mexico on eleven non-consecutive occasions over a period of 22 years.
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Tejanos

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Tejano (Spanish for "Texan"; archaic spelling Texano) is a term used to identify a Texan of Hispanic descent or cultural background.
Historically, the Spanish term Tejano has been used to identify different groups of people. During the Spanish Colonial times, the term applied to Spanish settlers of the region now known as Texas (first as part of the New Spain and then in 1821 as part of Mexico).
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Davy Crockett

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David Crockett (August 17, 1786 – March 6, 1836) was a celebrated 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician. He is referred to in popular“ culture as Davy Crockett and after the 1950s by the epithet King of the Wild Frontier.” He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives, served in the Texas Revolution, and died at the Battle of the Alamo.

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Sam Houston

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Samuel Houston, known as Sam Houston (March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863), was a 19th-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, US Senator for Texas after it joined the United States, and finally as governor of the state. He refused to swear loyalty to the Confederacy when Texas seceded from the Union, and resigned as governor.
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Lone Star Republic

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The Republic of Texas was an independent nation in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846.
Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the state claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S. state of Texas, as well as parts of present-day New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming based upon the Treaties of Velasco between the newly created Texas Republic and Mexico. The eastern boundary with the United States was defined by the Adams-Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain, in 1819. Its southern and western-most boundary with Mexico was under dispute throughout the existence of the Republic, with Texas claiming that the boundary was the Rio Grande, and Mexico claiming the Nueces River as the boundary. This dispute would later become a trigger for the Mexican–American War, after the annexation of Texas by the United States.