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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transformation |
a thorough or dramatic change in form or appearance. |
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bacteriophage |
a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium. |
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nucleotide |
organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA |
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base pairing |
The pair of nitrogenous bases that connects the complementary strands of DNA |
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chromatin |
a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. |
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histone |
highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. |
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replication |
the action of copying or reproducing something. |
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dna polymerase |
enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. |
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gene |
the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. |
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messenger rna |
the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome. |
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ribosomal rna |
the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. |
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transfer rna |
RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
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transcription |
the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA |
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rna polymerase |
an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. |
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promoter |
a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. |
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intron |
noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated into a protein. |
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exon |
any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. |
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codon |
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. |
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translation |
the process of moving something from one place to another. |
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anticodon |
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
