Ch 12 Study Guide

Front 1

NEURONS

Back 1

transmit impulses

Front 2

Sensory neurons

Back 2

(afferent nerves) transmit stimuli to the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

Motor neurons

Back 3

(efferent nerves) transmit impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands

Front 4

Dendrites

Back 4

receive impulses and transmit them to the cell body

Front 5

Myelin sheath

Back 5

reduces the possibility of an impulse stimulating adjacent nerves; it also accelerates impulse transmission

Front 6

Synapse

Back 6

small space between neurons

Front 7

Nervous System is made up of (2)

Back 7

Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System

Front 8

Central Nervous System is made up of (CNS)

Back 8

brain and spinal cord

Front 9

Peripheral Nervous System is made up of (PNS)

Back 9

the cranial nerves (extending from the brain) and spinal nerves (extending from the spinal cord)

Front 10

two types of Autonomic nerves

Back 10

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Front 11

Sympathetic nerves function

Back 11

speed up your body so you can fight off danger (i.e. increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and slowing of gastrointestinal activity).

Front 12

Parasympathetic nerves

Back 12

calm you back down (i.e. slow heart rate, decrease blood pressure, return gastrointestinal activity to normal).

Front 13

Cerebrum

Back 13

largest part and is responsible for thought, judgement, and memory

Front 14

Lobes of the cerebrum and what they control: (4)

Back 14

frontal - (efferent)motor functions
parietal - (afferent)receives and interprets nerve impulses from the sensory receptors
occipital - eyesight
temporal - senses of hearing and smell

Front 15

Cerebellum

Back 15

coordination

Front 16

Thalamus

Back 16

relays impulses from eyes, ears, skin to cerebrum; pain is also controlled here

Front 17

Hypothalamus

Back 17

controls vital body functions (i.e. body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, endocrine system, emotions)

Front 18

brain stem - is made up of 3 parts:

Back 18

midbrain - connects the brain with the spinal cord

pons - bridge; connect cerebellum to rest of brain

medulla oblongata - controls the basic vital functions of life (i.e. respiration, heart rate, blood pressure)

Front 19

MENINGES

Back 19

Covering/protection for the spinal cord and brain

Front 20

Three layers of meninges

Back 20

dura mater - outermost
arachnoid - middle
pia mater - innermost

Front 21

VENTRICLES:

Back 21

Spaces/canals for the cerebrospinal fluid to flow around the spinal cord and brain

Front 22

asthenia

Back 22

weakness

Front 23

ataxia

Back 23

without coordination

Front 24

aura

Back 24

premonition/feeling/signs something is going to happen

Front 25

autism

Back 25

child is in their "own world" - do not respond well to outside

Front 26

cerebral palsy

Back 26

brain injury at birth

Front 27

coma

Back 27

deep unconsciousness

Front 28

concussion

Back 28

blow to the head

Front 29

dementia

Back 29

memory loss, do not think well (cognitive thinking is impaired)

Front 30

herpes zoster

Back 30

shingles

Front 31

varicella zoster

Back 31

chicken pox

Front 32

Huntington's chorea

Back 32

hereditary; mental functions are affected, along with physical movement

Front 33

hydrocephalus

Back 33

excess amount of fluid in the ventricles

Front 34

lethargy

Back 34

do not respond well to commands

Front 35

Reye's syndrome

Back 35

group of symptoms, brain disease being one; in children with fever, given Aspirin

Front 36

sciatica

Back 36

sciatic nerve is inflammed or pinched - resulting in pain in the back, down the leg

Front 37

syncope

Back 37

fainting

Front 38

Bell's palsy

Back 38

facial paralysis

Front 39

CVA (stroke)

Back 39

caused by blood clot, embolus (blood clot that moves through the body), or hemorrhage, resulting in decreased or no blood supply to the brain

Front 40

TIA

Back 40

minor stroke

Front 41

epilepsies

Back 41

chronic or recurring seizure disorders

Front 42

convulsions

Back 42

spastic, involuntary muscle contractions

Front 43

Parkinson's disease

Back 43

progressive neurological disorder affecting the part of the brain responsible for controlling movement; Symptoms are tremors and shuffling gait (walk)

Front 44

Multiple sclerosis

Back 44

progressive degenerative disease of the CNS, resulting in loss of myelin (demyelination). This causes the transmission of electical impulses from one neuron to another to basically "short circuit"

Front 45

Alzheimer's disease

Back 45

memory loss and serious mental deterioration. You will be given this definition and must spell Alzheimer's correctly

Front 46

CNS

Back 46

central nervous system

Front 47

CP

Back 47

cerebral palsy

Front 48

CSF

Back 48

cerebral spinal fluid

Front 49

CVA

Back 49

cerebrovascular accident

Front 50

EEG

Back 50

electroencephalogram; also a brain wave

Front 51

LP

Back 51

lumbar puncture

Front 52

MS

Back 52

multiple sclerosis

Front 53

TIA

Back 53

transient ischemic attack

Front 54

ALS

Back 54

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Lou Gehrig's disease

Front 55

reflex

Back 55

automatic, involuntary response to some change inside or outside of the body

Front 56

-plegia

Back 56

paralysis/stroke

Front 57

-paresis

Back 57

partial paralysis, not as severe as -plegia, more like a weakness, rather than paralysis

Front 58

hemiplegia

Back 58

paralysis of half (right or left side) - term you see as a result of CVA

Front 59

paraplegia

Back 59

parlaysis of both legs; paralyzed from the waist down; spinal cord severed lower, like lumbar area

Front 60

quadriplegia

Back 60

paralysis of four (all four extremities - both legs and both arms); paralyzed from the neck down; spinal cord severed cervical/neck area