Ch 12 Sensory And Eye

Front 1

Chemoreceptors

Back 1

chemicals

Front 2

Pain Receptors

Back 2

tissue damage

Front 3

Thermoreceptors

Back 3

temperature

Front 4

Mechanoreceptors

Back 4

mechanical forces such as fluid movement, position changes, and pressure

Front 5

Two types of mechanoreceptors

Back 5

1. Proprioceptors/stretch receptors
2. Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors)

Front 6

Proprioceptors/stretch receptors

Back 6

sense changes in the tensions/stretch of tissues

Front 7

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors)

Back 7

detect changes in blood pressure

Front 8

photoreceptors

Back 8

light

Front 9

Ways sensory receptors are stimulated

Back 9

1. direct
2. indirect

Front 10

Direct stimulus

Back 10

stimulus affects the dendrite ending itself

Front 11

Indirect stimulus

Back 11

stimulus affects other cells which are close to the dendrite ending

In both cases of th stimulus, the stimulus must be threshold.

Front 12

sensation

Back 12

feeling which occurs when sensory impulses are interpreted by the brain

Front 13

perception

Back 13

the way the brain interprets the incoming information

Front 14

projection

Back 14

allows person to pinpoint the region of stimulation

Front 15

adaptation

Back 15

repeated stimulation results in a higher threshold

Front 16

Two major groups of receptors

Back 16

1. General/Somatic senses
2. Special senses

Front 17

General/Somatic Senses

Back 17

widely distributed throughout skin and deeper tissues

Front 18

Special senses

Back 18

function as part of complex, specialized sensory organs(smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and vision)

Front 19

Exteroceptive senses

Back 19

body surface

Front 20

Proprioceptive senses

Back 20

muscle and tendons

Front 21

Visceroceptive senses

Back 21

in visceral organs

Front 22

3 groups of somatic senses based on location

Back 22

1. Exteroceptive senses
2. Proprioceptive senses
3. Visceroceptive senses

Front 23

4 groups of somatic senses based on type of stimulus

Back 23

1. Touch and Pressure senses
2. Temperature senses
3. Pain
4. Stretch receptors

Front 24

Touch and pressure senses (mechanoreceptors)

Back 24

a. free nerve endings b. Meissner's/tactile corpuscles c. Pacinian/lamellated corpuscle

Front 25

free nerve endings

Back 25

itch

Front 26

Meissner's/tactile corpuscle

Back 26

in dermal papillae- light touch, texture

Front 27

Pacinian/lamellated corpuscle

Back 27

deeper in dermis and in subcutaneous layer, deeper tissues-deep pressure, vibrations-(looks like sliced onion)

Front 28

Temperature senses

Back 28

free nerve endings-heat receptors-cold receptors

Front 29

pain

Back 29

free nerve endings scattered throughout body, except for nervous tissue of brain-sensitive to variety of stimuli: extreme heat, cold, tissue damage, presence or absence of chemicals (sometimes, accumulating chemicals lover threshold, causing increased sensitivity in damaged and inflamed tissues. -Pain receptors have very little adaptation. Referred pain is when the brain incorrectly interprets source. Pain killers are endorphins and enkaphalins.

Front 30

Referred Pain

Back 30

may occur due to sensory impulses from two regions following a common nerve pathway to brain

Front 31

Stretch receptors

Back 31

proprioceptors that provide info to CNS concerning length and tensions of muscles
a. muscle spindles
b. Golgi tendon organs

Front 32

Muscle Spindles

Back 32

located in skeletal musle near tendon-senses too much stretch will signal brain to cause muscle to contract

Front 33

Golgi tendon organs

Back 33

in tendons close to mucle attatchment-senses too much contraction will signal brain to cause muscle to relax

Front 34

Olfaction

Back 34

smell

Front 35

olfactory receptors

Back 35

chemoreceptors, stimulated by gas particles which are dissolved

Front 36

Olfactory organs

Back 36

located in upper nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae, and part of nasal septum

Front 37

We lose 1% of olfactory receptors each year

Back 37

olfactory receptors are bipolar neurons which pass through the cibriform plate (only neurons directly exposed to ouside) to synapse with neurons in olfactory bulb

Front 38

Taste

Back 38

organs are taste buds located at the base of tongue papillae

Front 39

Parts of taste bud

Back 39

1. taste cells (epithelial cells with taste hairs/sensitive part)connected to neuron
2. taste pore (opening at tongue surface)
3. support cells

Front 40

Food molecules must dissolve in water (saliva) before binding to taste hair

Back 40

Saliva

Front 41

Five primary taste

Back 41

1. sweet
2. sour
3. bitter
4. salty
5. umami (savory, pungent)

Front 42

Taste buds are regenerated as long as the taste cells are still connected to neurons.

Back 42

Taste is strongly related to smell.

Front 43

Types of papillae

Back 43

1. filiform
2. fungiform
3. vallate
4. foliate

Front 44

filiform

Back 44

most abundant-no taste buds-friction-all over

Front 45

fungiform

Back 45

tip and edges

Front 46

vallate

Back 46

large-row at back

Front 47

foliate

Back 47

at sides

Front 48

sweet

Back 48

front

Front 49

sour

Back 49

sides

Front 50

salty

Back 50

tip

Front 51

bitter

Back 51

back