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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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veto
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presidents disapproval of a bill that has been passed by both houses of congress. 2/3 to override
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inherent powers
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authority claimed by the president that is not clearly specified in the constitution.
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executive orders
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presidential directives that create or modify laws and public policies, without direct approval of congress.
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delegation of powers
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the process by which congress gives the executive branch the additional authority needed to address new problems.
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executive office of the president
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the presidents executive aides and their staffs; the extended white house executive establishment
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cabinet
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A group of presidential advisors; the heads of the executive departments and other key officials.
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divided government
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the situation in which one party controls the white house and the other controls at least one house of congress
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bureaucracy
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a large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority
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department
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the biggest unit of the executive branch, covering a broad area of govt responsibility. the heads of the departments, or secretaries, form the president's cabinets.
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independent agency
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an executive agency that is not part of a cabinet department.
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government corporation
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govt agency that performs services that might be provided by the private sector but that either involve insufficient financial ncentive or are better provided when they are linked with govt.
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implementation
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the process of putting specific policies into operation.
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regulation
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govt intervention in the workings of a business market to promote some socially desired goal.
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deregulation
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a bureacratic reform by which the govt reduces its role as a regulator of business.
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judicial review
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the power to declare ongressional & presidential acts invalid because they violate the constitution
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criminal case
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a court case involving a crime, or violation of public order
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civil case
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a court case that involves a private dispute arising from such matters as accidents, contractual obligations, and divorce.
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common law
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legal precedents derived from previous judicial decisions
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US district court
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court within the lowest tier of the three federal court system; where litigation begins.
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US court of appeals
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court within the 2nd tier of the federal court system; to which decisions of the district courts and federal agencies may be appealed for review.
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precedent
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a judicial ruling that serves as the basis for the ruling in a subsequent case.
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original jurisdiction
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the authority of a court to hear a case before any other court does.
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appellate jurisdiction
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the authority of a court to hear cases that have been tried, decided, or reexamined in other courts.
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federal question
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an issue covered by the US constitution, national laws, or US treaties.
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rule of four
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an unwritten rule that requires at least four justices to agree that a case warrents consideration before it is reviewed by the US Supreme Court.
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solicitor general
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the third-highest official of the US department of justice, and the one who represents the national govt before the supreme court.
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judicial restraint
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a judicial philosophy whereby judges adhere closely to statutes and precedents in reaching their decisions.
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judicial activism
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a judicial philosophy whereby judges interpret existing laws and precedents loosely and interject their own values in court decisions.
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argument
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the heart of a judicial opinion.
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concurrence
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the agreement of a judge with the courts majority decision, for a reason other than the majority reason.
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dissent
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the disagreement of a judge with a majority decision
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