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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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auscultation
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listening to sounds within body using stethoscope
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percussion
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tapping on surface to determine difference in density of underlying structure
-usually air filled stuff will have different sound from fluid filled (lungs) - more dull sound |
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pleural rub
friction rub |
scratchy sound made by motion of inflamed/irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
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rale
crackle |
fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inspiration) when fluid is in alveoli
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rhonchus
rhonchi (plural) |
loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi blocked by sputum
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sputum
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material expelled from chest by cough or clearing of throat
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purulent sputum
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has pus & is green/brown
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sputum culture
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growing sputum in nutrient medium to detect pathogen
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culture & sensitivity (C&S)
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identify sputum pathogen & determine which antibiotic is effective against
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stridor
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strained, high pitched, pretty loud sound made during breathing in; associated with larynx or trachea obstruction
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wheeze
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continuous high pitched whistling sound heard when air forced through narrow space during breathing in/out
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croup
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acute viral infection in infants/kids with obstruction of larynx, barking cough & stridor
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diphtheria
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acute infection of throat & URT caused by diphtheria bacteria (corynebacterium)
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epistaxis
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nosebleed
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pertussis
Whooping cough |
bacterial infection of pharynx, larynx & trachea due to Bordetella pertussis.
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asthma
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chronic inflammatory d/o with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction & increased mucus
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bronchiectasis
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chronic dilation of bronchus 2ndary to infection in lower lung lobes
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chronic bronchitis
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bronchi inflammation over long time
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cystic fibrosis
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inherited d/o of exocrine glands causing thick, mucous secretions that don't drain normally
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atelectasis
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incomplete (atel/o) expansion (-ectasis) of alveoli; collapsed & functionless, airless lung or lung portion. Caused by tumor or obstruction of bronchus or poor respiratory effort
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emphysema
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hyperinflmation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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lung cancer
types (2) |
malignant tumor from lungs & bronchi
2 types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) & small cell LC (SCLC) |
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NSCLC
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non-small cell lung cancer
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pneumoconiosis
types (3) |
abnormal condition caused by dust in lungs with chronic inflammation, infection & bronchitis
anthracosis, asbestosis, silicosis |
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pneumonia
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acute inflammation & infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or inflammatory rxn products
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exudate
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fluid, blood, cells & debris
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lobar penuomnia
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involves entire lung lobe
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bronchopneumonia
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patchy absesses in lung parenchyma
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community acquired pneumonia
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contagious resp infection due to many diff viruses & bacteria
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hospital acquired penumonia or nosocomial
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acquired while in hospital
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aspiration pneumonia
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caused by materials (food, vomit) lodging in bronchi or lungs
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pulmonary abscess
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large collection of pus in lungs
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pulmonary edema
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swelling & fluid in air sacs & bronchioles
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pumonary embolism (PE)
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clots or other material lodges in lung BV
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pulmonary fibrosis
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scar tissue forms in connective tissue of lungs
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sarcoidosis
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chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes & other organs
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tuberculosis (TB)
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infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually involved but any organ in body may be affected
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mesothelioma
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rare malignant tumor from pleura; assoc. with abestos exposure
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pleural effusion
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural space (cavity)
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pleurisy (pleuritis)
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inflammation of pleura
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pneumothorax
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collection of air in the pleural space
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anthracosis
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coal dust accumulation in lungs
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abestosis
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abestos accumulate in lungs
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bacilli
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rod shaped bacteria (causes Tb)
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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chronic condition of obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes & lungs.
blue bloaters - chronic bronchitis COPD emphysema dominant - pink puffers (no change in skin color) |
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cor pulmonale
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right sided heart failure where heart doesnt pump enough blood to lungs b/c of lung disease
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hydrothorax
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fluid collects in pleural cavity
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paroxysmal
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pertaining to sudden occurrence (spasm)
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pulmonary infarction
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necrotic tissue in lung
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purulent
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pus containing
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silicosis
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silica/glass dust into lungs
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chest x-ray (CXR)
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radiographic image of chest cavity (chest film)
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chest tomogram (type of CXR)
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series of x-ray images showing slice of chest @ diff depths
detects small masses not seen in regular CXR |
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CT scan of chest
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cross sectional computer generated e-ray showing chest structures
for dx of lesions hard to see by CXR |
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pulmonary angiograpy
arteriography |
x-ray taken after radiopaque contrast injected into pulmonary artery
looks at obstruction such as pulmonary emobloism |
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MRI of chest
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magnetic waves create detailed images of chest in frontal, lateral & cross-sectional (axial) planes (3 planes)
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PET scan of lung
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radioactive substance injected & images reveal metabolic activity of lung
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ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
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detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of radioisotope or inhalation of small amt of radioactive gas
can see areas of lung not getting enough air flow or blood flow |
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bronchoscopy
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endoscope inserted into bronchial tubes for dx, biopsy or collection of specimen
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bronchioalveolar lavage
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bronchial washing
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bronchial brushing
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brushing bronchial tissue
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endotracheal intubation
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tube placed through mouth into pharynx, larynx & trachea to make airway & allow person to be placed on ventilator
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laryngoscopy
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voice box visually examined via lighted, flexible endoscope
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lung biopsy
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removal of lung tissue then examine microscopically
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mediastinoscopy
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endoscopic visual examination of medistinum
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pulmonary function tests (PFT)
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tests that measure the ventilation mechnics of lung (airway function, lung vol, & lung capacity to exchange O2 for CO2)
(spirometer - measures vol & rate of air passing in & out of lung) obstructive lung disease - airways narrowed & PF decrease |
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FEV1 (forced expiratory vol in first 1 sec)
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expiratory flow rate used in PFTs
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TLC
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total lung capacity
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DLco
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diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide
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thoracentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural sapce
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thoracotomy
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major surgical incision of chest
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thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
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visual examination of chest via small incision & use of endoscope
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VATS
type of thorascopy |
-video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) allows surgeon to view chest from video monitor
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tracheostomy
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surgical creation of opening into trachea through neck so tube can be inserted
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trachotomy
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incision to create tracheostomy
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tuberculin test
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Tb test
ex: mantoux test |
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tube thoracostomy
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chest tube is passed though an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain pleural effusion
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ABGs
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arterial blood gases
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AFB
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acid-fast bacillus
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ARDS
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acute resp distress syndrome
(signs & sx - tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia, cyanosis assoc. with acute resp failure) |
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BAL
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bronchioalveolar lavage
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Bronch
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bronchoscopy
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CO2
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carbon dioxide
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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CPAP
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continuous positive airway pressure
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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C&S
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culture & sensitivity
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HCO3-
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bicarbonate
measured in blood to determine acidity or alkilinity |
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CTA
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clear to auscultation
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CXR
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chest x-ray/film
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DLco
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diffusion capacity of lung for CO
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DOE
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dyspnea on exertion
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DPI
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dry pwd inhaler
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DPT
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diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
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ERV
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expiratory reserve vol
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FEV1
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forced expiratory vol in 1 sec
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FVC
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forced vital capacity
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HHN
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hand held nebulizer
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ICU
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intensive care unit
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IRV
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inspiratory reserve vol
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LLL
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left lower lobe (of lung)
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LUL
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left upper lobe
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MDI
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metered dose inhaler
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NC
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nasal cannula
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NIV
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noninvasive ventilation
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NSCLC
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non-small cell lung cancer
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O2
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oxygen
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OSA
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obstructive sleep apnea
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PaCO2
PaO2 |
partial pressure of CO2 & O2
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PA gram
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pulmonary angiogram
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PCP
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pneumocystic pneumnia - type seen in immunosuppressed
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PE
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pulmonary embolism
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PEP
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positive expiratory pressure
pt takes deep breath & exhales through device that resists air flow (helps refill underventilated areas of lungs) |
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PEEP
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positive end-expiratory pressure
airway pressure maintained above atm pressure |
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PFTs
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pulmonary function tests
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PND
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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PPD
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purified protein derivative - used in Tb tests
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RDS
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respiratory distress syndrome
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RLL
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right lower lobe
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RSV
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respiratory synctial virus
common cause of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, common cold |
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RUL
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right upper lobe
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RV
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residual vol
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SCLC
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small cell lung cancer
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SIMV
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synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
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SOA
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shortness of air
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SOB
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shortness of breath
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TB
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tuberculosis
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TBNA
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transbronchial needle aspiration (for biopsy of needle)
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TLC
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total lung capacity
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URI
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upper resp infection
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Vt
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tidal vol
amt of air inhaled & exhaled during normal ventilation |
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VAP
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ventilator-assoc pneumonia
bacterial pneumonia in pt who has been on mechanical ventilation for 48+ hours |
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VC
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vital capacity
equals IRV + ERV + TV |
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VATS
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video-assisted thoracic surgery
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