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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Keller Breland do?
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Trained a chicken to pull a string connected to a pistol trigger only when he was not there
S^D: Brelandless target S^delta: Breland |
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Discriminative Stimulus (S^D)
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-A stimulus in the presence of which
-a particular response will be reinforced or punished |
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S-delta (S^delta)
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-A stimulus in the presence of which
-a particular response will not be reinforced or punished |
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Properties of discriminative contingencies
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-Two contingencies: S^D and S^delta
-Before condition is the same for both -Response is the same for both -The S^delta contingency is ALWAYS extinction or recovery |
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Discrimination Training Procedure
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-Reinforcing or punishing a response
-in the presence of one stimulus -and extinguishing it -or allowing it to recover -in the presence of another stimulus |
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Stimulus discrimination (stimulus control)
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-The occurrence of a response more frequently in the presence of one stimulus
-than in the presence of another, -usually as a result of a discrimination training procedure |
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In the taxi example, what is the S^D and what is the S^delta?
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S^D: taxi with no passengers
S^Delta: taxi with passengers |
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How did Butterfield and Staats teach Jose to learn?
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Special stories with words that acted as S^Ds for saying those words;
correct responses = tokens |
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What was an effective punishment-based S^D for Juke?
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sight of fluid boiling in the pan
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Punishment-Based S^D
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-A stimulus in the presence of which
-a response will be punished |
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Skinner Box: Nondiscriminated, nondifferential reinforcement procedure
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Rudolph's lever presses are reinforced with water, regardless of their force or whether the light is on or off
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Skinner Box: Differential-Reinforcement Procedure
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Rudolph's lever presses are reinforced only when they are >20 of force
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Skinner Box: Stimulus-Discrimination procedure
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Rudolph's presses are reinforced only when the light is on
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Which procedure has one response class and two stimuli?
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Stimulus discrimination
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Which procedure has one response class and one stimulus?
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Neither
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Which procedure has one stimulus and two response classes?
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Response differentiation
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Which procedure has two stimuli and two response classes?
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Combined differentiation and discrimination
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Skinner box: differential punishment procedure
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Lever press produces shock as well as food if force is less than 20 grams
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Skinner Box: stimulus-discrimination procedure based on punishment
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Lever press produces shock as well as food if it occurs when light is off
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What was the discrimination training procedure Mae designed?
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Had teachers show various objects of various colors to the children
-praise for correct color and object |
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What did Mae discover when observing the class?
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The children whose teacher required them to use proper color names to get toys they wanted used color names more often
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Incidental teaching
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-The planned use of
-behavioral contingencies, -differential reinforcement, and -discrimination training, -in the student's everyday environment |
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Transfer of training: Why didn't the children use color-noun combinations outside of the classroom?
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Those responses had not been reinforced outside of the classroom
no S^D of the teacher prompting them |
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Tacting
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"naming" an object
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Verbal behavior
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language
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Manding
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verbal relation where the form of the response is determined by an establishing operation;
term for "requesting" |
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What is the mand reinforced by?
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The receipt of the object or event requested, not by praise or other reinforcers
-specifies its own reinforcer |
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What is the mand caused by?
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Establishing operation
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What is a tact caused by?
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A discriminative stimulus (S^D)
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What is a tact reinforced by?
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Praise
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Prompt
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-A supplemental stimulus
-that raises the probability of a correct response |
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What were some examples of prompts in the book so far?
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Jose: Butterfield told him the correct response and had him repeat it (verbal prompt)
Bunny: Madame Cupet moved her into the correct position (physical prompt) |
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Is a S^prompt a type of S^D?
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No
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What did Mae do with Jimmy?
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Performed a task analysis and started a discrimination-training procedure to teach him how to sit down using physical prompts
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Preattending skills
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orienting yourself toward the S^D
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What do preattending skills require?
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-Sensory capability
-Conspicuous stimulus -Discrimination-training procedure |
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How is an S^D different from the "before" condition?
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The before condition makes the after condition reinforcing, and the S^D doesn't.
The S^D is associated with an increased likelihood of reinforcers, and the before condition isn't |
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Operandum (manipulandum)
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-That part of the environment
-the organism operates (manipulates) |
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What is the operandum in the Skinner box?
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The lever
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What is the light in the box?
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The S^D
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Can the lever be both operandum and S^D for the same response?
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no
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What is the box?
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The environment containing the operandum
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Can you have an S^D without an S^delta?
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No
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Undiscriminated reinforcement contingency
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There is no S^d associated with the reinforcement contingency
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Discriminated reinforcement contingency
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The reinforcement contingency is in operation only when the S^D is present, not when the S^delta is present
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What is an example of an undiscriminated punishment contingency?
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Velma and Gerri's bruxism
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Criteria for Diagramming Discriminated Contingies
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1. S^delta contingency test (If there's no S^Delta, there's no S^D)
2. Same "before" condition test 3. Same "response" test 4. Extinction/recovery test (S^delta is always extinction or recovery) 5. Operandum test (different from the S^D?) 6. Different "before" condition test (the S^D is different from "before") |
