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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Transformation

Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Bacteriophage

Virus that infects bacteria

Nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of 5-carbon sugar; a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Base pairing

Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine

Chromatin

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Histone

Protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

Replication

Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

DNA Polymerase

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

Gene

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and this determines a trait

Messenger RNA

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cel

Ribosomal RNA

Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

Transfer TNA

Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Transcription

RNA molecules produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA

RNA polymerase

Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

Promoter

Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA

Intron

Intervening sequence of DNA;does not code for protein

Exon

Expressed sequence if DNA; codes for a protein

Coden

Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Translation

Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain

Anticodon

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon