Ch 12-13 Dr.d Board Review Test 2

Front 1

What is the study of Fungi?

Back 1

Mycology

Front 2

What is the term for "fungal infection/diseases"?

Back 2

Mycoses

Front 3

What is an example of a Unicellular and Multicellular Fungi?

Back 3

• Multicellular= Molds
• Unicellular= Yeast

Front 4

What is the cell wall of Fungi made up of?

Back 4

Chitin

Front 5

True/False

Are some Fungi Dimorphic?

Back 5

True

Front 6

What are the two methods that Fungi reproduce?

Back 6

Asexual and Sexual

Front 7

What are the three methods of Asexual reproduction of a Fungi?

Back 7

1. Budding: beginning as a protuberance(bud) from the parent cell that grows to become a daughter cell.
2. Binary Fission: asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms by division into 2 daughter cells.
3. Sporulation: (Sporogenesis) a type of reproduction that involves the formation of spores by the spontaneous division of a cell into 4 or more daughter cells, each of which contains a part of the original nucleus.

Front 8

What are the 2 types of spores that are formed by asexual reproduction?

Back 8

1. Condium/Condiospore: formed without sac/enclosed.
2. Sporangiospore: formed within a sac

Front 9

What are the steps of sexual reproduction of Fungi?

Back 9

1. Plasmogamy: A halploid nucleus of a donor cell (+) penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell (-),
2. Karyogomy: the (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form a diploid cell (-).
3. Meosis: The diploid nucleus gives rise to the haploid nuclei(sexual spores), some of which may be genetic recombination.

**Sexual spores result from the fusion of nuclei from 2 opposite mating strains.**

Front 10

Do endospores reproduce?

Back 10

No, they come into existence to survive harsh environments.

Front 11

Which types of fungi are Aerobic and Faculatative Anaerobic?

Back 11

• Aerobic = mostly Molds
• Faculatative Anaerobic = mostly Yeasts

Front 12

What is the pH that is associated with most Fungi growth?

Back 12

5 +/- pH

(which is too acidic for the growth of most common bacteria).

Front 13

What is the fungal infection that can cause damage to immune-suppressed patients such as those with AIDS?

Back 13

Pneumocystis jiroveci

• Pneumocystitis pneumonia (PCP) is a serious infection that causes inflammation an fluid buildup in the lungs,caused by the fungus pneumocystis jiroveci, likely spread through air.
• Very common fungus
• Healthy people can contain it, but can cause pneumonia in immune-suppressed patients.(Ex: AIDS patients)
• (lymph nodes, liver,bone marrow, etc.)

Front 14

What is the fungus associated with "Vaginal Yeast Infections"?

Back 14

Candida albicans

• Candidasis: is a fungal infection that can cause affects in areas such as the skin, genitals, throat, mouth, blood.
• Caused by the overgrowth of a type of yeast called Candida, usually Candida albicans.
• Usually found in small amounts.
• Diaper rash(if on buttocks of babies)
• Thrush (Oral)
• Yeast infection(genitals)

Front 15

What is the species of yeast that is known in baking, and making alcohol?

Back 15

Saccharomyces cecvisea

• Species of yeast used in baking, esp. bread
• Used in the brewing of beer from grains and the fermentation of wines from grapes.
• Will grow readily under both Anaerobic(not indefinitely) and Aerobic
• Anaerobic conditions for producing Ethanol are mandatory
• Aerobic favors CO2
• Genetically modified to produce a variety of proteins including Hepatitis B vaccine

Front 16

What are Protozoas?

Back 16

• Unicellular
• Eukaryotic organism
• Inhabits in water and soil

Front 17

How do Protoozoas reproduce and what are the names of the methods used?

Back 17

Asexual

1. Binary Fission
   
2. Budding
   
3. Schizogony: the process of multiple fission, in which one organism divides to produce many daughter cells.(multiple genome divisions---> surrounded by cytoplasm).
   

Front 18

What type of Protozoa have feeding grooves?

Back 18

Single-celled Eukaryotes with a feeding groove in the cytoskeleton have been placed in the Excavata Kingdom.

Front 19

What is Encystment and what type of microbe uses it?

Back 19

• Encystmente: under certain adverse conditions,some Protozoa produce a protective capsule = cyst.
• Cysts permits the organism to survive when food,moisture, or oxygen is lacking,temperatures are not suitable,or toxic chemicals present.
• Cysts also allow a parasitic species to live outside the host cell.
• Members of Apicomplexa form oocysts.

Front 20

What is the name of the parasite without a mitochondria and found in the small intestine of humans and other mammals?

Back 20

Giardia lamblia (sometimes called G.Intestinalis or G.duodenalis)

• excreted in the feces as a cyst and survives in the environment before being ingested by the next host.

Front 21

How is giardiasis diagnosed?

Back 21

Diagnosis of giardiasis, the disease caused by g.lambila is often based on the ID of cysts in feces.

Front 22

What is the name of the parasite without a mitochondria and is usually found in the vagina and male urinary tract?

Back 22

Trichomonas vaginalis.

• Usually transmitted by sexual intercourse but can also be by toilet facilities and towels.

Front 23

What is the name of the genus that includes the species that causes African Sleeping Sickness(T.brucei) and transmitted by the tetse fly?

Back 23

Trypanosoma

Front 24

What is the causative agent of Chaga's disease and is transmitted by the "kissing bug" , b/c it bites on the face?

Back 24

T.cruzi

Front 25

What is an ameba?

Back 25

One-celled Protozoa that move by extending blunt, lobe like projections of the cytoplasm called pseudopods.

Front 26

What is the only pathogenic ameba found in the human intestine?

Back 26

Entamoeba histolytica