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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spinal cord |
foramen magnum <-> superior border of second lumbar vertebrae Sensory input -> brain Brain/motor impulses -> effector tissues |
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Vertabral column |
Forms channel around spinal cord |
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Meninges |
Encircle spinal cord
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Strength and protection against shock |
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Spinal nerves |
31 pair Connected to spinal cord via roots |
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Dorsal root |
Contains sensory neurons |
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Ventral root |
Contains motor neurons |
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Reflex |
Fast, involuntary, unplanned response to particular stimulus Inborn or learned Follows reflex arc |
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Rami |
Branches of spinal nerve |
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Plexus |
Network of axons formed by rami |
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Cervical plexus |
C1 - C5 Skin Head Neck Superior shoulders Chest Diaphragm |
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Brachial plexus |
C5 - T1 Shoulders and upper limbs |
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Lumbar plexus |
L1 - L4 Anterolateral abdominal wall External genitals Part of lower limbs |
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Sacral plexus |
L4 - S4 Buttocks Perineum Lower limbs |
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Brain stem |
Connects spinal cord to diencephalon Medulla oblongata Pons Midbrain |
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Medulla oblongata |
Higher brain centers <-> spinal cord Heart rate Blood vessel diameter Respiration rhythm Swallowing Vomiting Sneezing Hiccuping |
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Pons |
Between higher and lower brain centers Helps medulla maintain rhythm of breathing |
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Midbrain |
Higher <-> lower brain centers Subconscious muscle activities Coordinates head and eye movements Startle reflex |
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Diencephalon |
Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus |
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Cerebellum |
Compares intended movement with what is actually happening Sensory input from joints Motor activities |
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Epithalamus |
Pineal gland Secretes melatonin Sets bio clock |
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Thalamus |
Relays sensory impulses Relays in conduction of impulses to and from vertebral motor cheered and lower motor centers |
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Hypothalamus |
Regulates homeostasis Control ANS Regulates eating and drinking Controls body temp Regulates circadian rhythm Maintains wake and sleep patterns |
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Cerebral hemiapherea |
Interpret sensory impulses Muscle movement Emotional and intellectual processes |
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Cranial nerves |
Twelve pair Originate from brain Some only have sensory function Some both sensory and motor function |
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Olfactory nerves I |
Sensory; impulses for sense of smell |
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Optic nerves II |
Sensory; carry impulses for vision |
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Oculomotor III |
Motor; extrinsic eye muscles, pupillae sphincter |
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Trochlear IV |
Primarily motor; supply motor fibers to the superior oblique eye muscle |
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Trigeminal nerves, opthalmic division V1 |
Sensory impulses from skin, anterior scalp, upper eyelid, and nose, and from nasal cavity mucosa, cornea, and lacrimal gland |
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Trigeminal nerves maxillary division V2 |
Sensory impulses from nasal cavity mucosa, palate, upper teeth, skin of cheek, upper lip, lower eyelid |
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Trigeminal nerves mandibular division V3 |
Covers density impulses from anterior tongue, lower teeth, skin of chin, temporal region of scalp. Supplies motor fibers to and carries priprioceptor fibers from, muscles of mastication |
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Abducens nerves VI |
Primarily motor; supply somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle Convey priprioceptor impulses from same muscle to the brain |
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Facial nerves VII |
Five branches: Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cercical Convey motor impulses to facial expression muscles Transmit parasympathetic motor impulses to lacrimal gland, nasal and palatine glands and submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Convey sensory impulses from taste buds of anterior two thirds of the tongue |
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Vestibulocochlear nerves VIII |
Mostly sensory; equilibrium, hearing |
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Glossopharyngeal nerves IX |
Innervate tongue and pharynx, elevates pharynx when swallowing, salivary glands. Taste, sensory from posterior tongue and pharynx |
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Vagus nerves X |
Mixed nerves; parasympathetic motor fibers supply heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera Involved in regulating heart rate, breathing, and digestive system |
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Accessory nerves XI |
Primarily motor; supply motor fibers to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles (move head and neck) |
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Hypoglossal XII |
Primarily motor; intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue Food manipulation while chewing, tongue movements that contribute to swallowing and speech |
