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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atmosphere
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a blanket of air
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Troposphere
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the layer closest to the Earth's surface
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Why is a troposphere so important?
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it is where most of Earth's weather occurs
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Why is the ozone layer so important?
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it keeps out the harmful rays of the sun
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air pressure
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the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the Earth
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What does air pressure have to do with the air temperature?
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temperature affects the air pressure
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What is the atmosphere made of?
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water, gases, dust and other small particles
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How does the absorption of energy from the sun's rays differ for land and for water?
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the land absorbs the suns energy quicker than water does
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What happens to the temperature of land compared to that of water?
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the temperature of land is hotter since it reflects the sun while the ocean or water absorbs it
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Why does air in the atmosphere move?
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the Earth's surface is heated evenly causing some air to be hotter, the hot air is forced up and the cold air sinks
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local winds
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a wind that results from local differences in temperature
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what occurs when cold air sinks?
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air at the equator moves up and goes towards the poles
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What is the movement of air called?
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wind
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What are the directions of a local wind along a shore line?
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day---towards the shore
night---away from the shore |
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prevailing wind
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global winds that always blow from the same direction--one direction
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what two factors cause prevailing winds?
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uneven heating----Earth's rotation
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water cycle
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water continuously moving from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to Earth
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Evaporation
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water changes from liquid to a gas
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From where on Earth does evaporation occur?
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from Earth's oceans, lakes, rivers and moist soil
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condensation
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where water changes from a gas to a liquid
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where does condensation occur?
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where the air is cooler
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what steps in the water cycle must occur before rain can fall?
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evaporation and condensation of air
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humidity
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the amount of water vapor in the air
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precipitation
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water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface
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what causes water vapor to condense?
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cooling air
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what happens when water vapor in the air cools?
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it forms ice crystals
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what is dew? when does dew form?
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water on the ground, it forms in the morning
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what is frost? when does frost form?
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frozen water vapor, forms in the morning when the weather is cold enough
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what is fog?
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water vapor that has condensed into smaller water droplets near the ground level
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what is the first step in the formation of a cloud?
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condensation
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how can sea breeze cause rain to fall?
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as air rises clouds form, if the drops of water get large enough rain falls
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how do mountains cause air to cool?
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from the air pressure
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what events on a mountain lead to the spring melt?
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in the spring the snow on the mountain melt sending huge amounts of water to flow down
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name six kinds of weather instruments. What do they measure?
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thermometer-air temperature
hygrometer--amount of water in the air barometer--air pressure anemometer--wind speed windsock and wind vanes--wind direction rain gauge--measures rain fall |
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how can rising air pressure lead to a prediction about temperature?
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colder air is arriving
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air mass
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large body of air that has the same temperature and humidity throughout
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front
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the border where two air masses meet
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does air temperature increase of decrease as a cold front moves into an area?
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decreases
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what kind of air mass causes hot, humid weather?
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warm fronts
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what is the cause of the seasons?
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the intensity of sunlight reaching the hemispheres while the Earth rotates around the sun
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climate
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the pattern of weather an area experiences over time
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what are two major weather factors that determine climate?
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temperature and precipitation
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what causes seasonal weather patterns?
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the sun
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what are the effects of a rain shadow on a mountain range?
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one side of the mountain will have wet climate while the other side has a dry climate
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how is the climate of the land around the Great Lakes affected by the lake?
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it has a milder climate----it is cooler in the summer, warmer in the winter and more humid all year round
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what factors affect an area's climate?
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whether there is a large body of water near land or not
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