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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic agriculture |
Farming that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs |
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Agriculture |
The purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber |
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Primary economic activity |
Economic activity that involves with the extraction of natural resources |
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Secondary economic activity |
Economic activity involved with the processing of raw materials; manufacturing sector |
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Tertiary economic sector |
Economic activity involved with the provision of services |
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Quaternary economic activity |
Economic activity involved with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital |
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Quinary economic activity |
Service sector that requires a high level of specialized knowledge of technical skill |
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Plant domestication |
Genetic modification of a plant that depends on human intervention |
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Root crop |
Crop reproduced by cultivating the roots or cuttings of the plant |
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Seed crop |
Crop reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants |
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First agricultural revolution |
Achieved plant and animal domestication 10,000 BC |
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Animal domestication |
Genetic modification of an animal |
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Subsistence agriculture |
Food production for local consumption, not trade |
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Shifting cultivation |
Forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning |
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Slash-and -burn agriculture |
See shifting cultivation |
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Second agricultural revolution |
Improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce |
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Von Thunen model |
Model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy |
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Third agricultural revolution |
Development of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) |
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Green revolution |
Recently successful development of higher-yield, fast-growing varieties of rice and other cereals in developing countries |
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Genetically modified organisms |
New traits inserted into crops through advanced genetic engineering methods |
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Rectangular survey system |
Public land survey; used by the US Land Office to parcel land west of the Appalachian Mountains into a series of rectangular parcels |
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Township-and-range system |
Rectangular land division scheme created by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settles evenly across farmlands of the US interior. |
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Metes and bounds system |
A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian mountains |
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Long-lot survey system |
Land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals |
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Primogeniture |
System in which eldest son in a family inherits all of a dying parent's land |
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Commercial agriculture |
Large-scale farming |
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Monoculture |
Dependence on a single agricultural commodity |
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Koppen climate classification system |
Classification of the world's climates based on temp. and precipitation |
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Climatic regions |
Areas of the world with similar climatic characteristics |
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Plantation agriculture |
Large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation organized to produce a cash crop |
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Livestock ranching |
Raising of domesticated animals |
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Mediterranean agriculture |
Specialized farming that occurs where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails |
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Luxury crops |
Non-subsistence crops ( tea, cacao, coffee, tobacco) |
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Agribusiness |
General term for the businesses that support the agriculture industry |
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Food desert |
An area that lacks affordable, fresh, and nutritious food |
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Cash crops |
Crops grown for profit on a mass scale |
