Ch. 11 - Rodent & Rabbit Anestesia

Front 1

What's the best way to get history and collect samples on a small critter?

Back 1

Ask owner to bring it in IN THE CAGE.

Front 2

How should you begin physical exam?

Back 2

By observing critter IN ITS BOX for undisturbed behavior.

Front 3

RR & HR are most likely going to be _____________.

HR can be detected through ______________ or _____________.

Back 3

elevated

palpation / auscultation

Front 4

Physical Exam:

Abnormalities-

(5 + 1 for Rabbits)

Back 4

1. discharge from eyes / nose

2. labored / noisy breathing

3. soiled perineum

4. sunken eyes (dehydration)

5. prominence of vertebrae & pelvis (poor BCS)

6. Rabbits - prolonged CRT

Front 5

Preanesthetic Diagnostic Tests

Name 3 basic tests used:

Back 5

1. blood test

2. urinalysis

3. radiographs

Front 6

Which animal can be blood tested?

Back 6

rabbits

Front 7

Which animals can get a UA?

Which can get be radiographed?

Back 7

small rodents, rabbits, guinea pigs

small rodents, rabbits, guinea pigs

Front 8

Preanesthetic Care

Should food and/or water be withheld?

Back 8

NO - Do not withhold food or water -

LET THEM EAT!

(except when stomach is involved in surgery)

Front 9

Pre-existing problems should be corrected ____________________________________ (When?)

Back 9

before surgery.

Front 10

Give 1 example of how to correct some potential pre-existing problems?

Back 10

supportive fluid therapy for dehydration

Front 11

Preanesthesia:

Is sedation required before general anesthesia?

Back 11

Rarely

(Protocols include a combo of injectable anesthetics or a chamber)

Front 12

Are chambers commonly used to administer anesthetics?

Back 12

YES

Front 13

What species MAY need prior sedation?

Back 13

Rabbits

Front 14

Preanesthetics:

What drugs are commonly used? (3)

Back 14

1. Atropine

2. Opioids

3. Sedatives or Tranquilizers

Front 15

Rabbits should not be given ____________ as a preanesthetic drug

Back 15

atropine

Front 16

Opioids should be given ______ - _____ minutes prior to induction.

Back 16

30-40 minutes

Front 17

What is commonly given to rabbits prior to inhalation anesthesia?

Back 17

sedative or tranquilizer

Front 18

Anticholinergics:

Back 18

Atropine - don't use in rabbits

Glycopyrrolate

Front 19

Phenothiazines

Back 19

Acepromazine:

sedates but does not immobilize rodents

sedates rabbits and often provides enough immobilization for minor procedure.

Front 20

Benzodiazepines

Back 20

Diazepam and Midazolam provide MARKED sedation in rodents and rabbits

Front 21

Is Ace enough for a rabbit in for a minor procedure?

Back 21

Yes, it can be sometimes.

Front 22

Alpha-2 Agonists

Back 22

Xyalzine, medetomidine, dexmedetomidine (DexDom)

provide sedation with some analgesia

Front 23

Reverse Alpha-2 Agonists with (2)

Back 23

1. yohimbine

2. atipamezole (preferred)

Front 24

What combo of two drugs is helpful to get blood samples from rabbits?

Back 24

Acepromazine + butorphanol

Front 25

General Anesthesia: INDUCTION

Rabbits - most common routes of delivery? (2)

Back 25

1. SQ

2. IM

Front 26

IV induction injection is possible for rabbits where?

Back 26

ear vein

Front 27

General Anesthesia: INDUCTION

Small mammals - what route may be less painful than IM?

Back 27

IP

Front 28

IP or IM vs. IV route of administration:

Disadvantages (4)

Back 28

1. cannot administer to effect

2. one calculated dose is given

3. high dose rates required for proper depth

4. recovery time prolonged

Front 29

General Anesthetic Agents:

Cyclohexamines -

Ketamine

1. _______________ effect when used alone.

2. Provides ___________ in rabbits but not ___________________________________.

Back 29

1. Limited

2. restraint / not sufficient analgesia

Front 30

Ketamine / Ace

or

Ketamine / Diazepam/Midaz produces ________________ anesthesia in some rabbits and ______________ anesthesia in small rodents

Back 30

surgical

light

Front 31

Ketamine / Alpha-2 Agonists

(medetomidine or Xylazine)

Provides ______________ and ______________ anesthesia.

___________ results in guinea pigs.

Back 31

analgesia

surgical

variable

Front 32

Tiletamine:

1. ______ to _____________ anesthesia in small rodents.

2. Produces ________ analgesia than ketamine combinations

3. should not be used in what species?

Back 32

1. light - medium in small rodents

2. LESS

3. rabbits

Front 33

Neuroleptanalgesics:

1. what are they?

2. must combine with a _____________ to produce surgical anesthesia.

3. recovery is enhances by reversing ________________.

Back 33

1. opioid + a sedative

2. benzodiazepine

3. fentanyl

Front 34

Are barbiturates used in small animals?

Back 34

NO - too severe:

CV / resp depression

prolonged recovery

Front 35

Propofol - why is not used?

Back 35

because it must be administered IV and can't really get an IV catheter in anything but a large rabbit.

Front 36

Alphaxalone is a ____________ anesthetic.

It can induce anesthesia in what species?

How is it administered?

Back 36

steroid

rabbits

IV

Front 37

Most convenient way to induce anesthesia?

Back 37

chamber

Front 38

DIY mini face mask can be made using what?

Back 38

a syringe case

Front 39

What will rabbits often do when exposed to inhalation agents?

Back 39

hold their breath

Front 40

Holding their breath may lead to ________________ for rabbits

Back 40

bradycardia

Front 41

Using a face mask with rabbits may lead to _____________.

Using a chamber may result in violent attempts to ___________.

Back 41

struggling

escape

Front 42

Reminder! Rabbits are _________ animals!

What will they always try to do?

Where should you NOT put them?

Back 42

prey

escape

near cats!

Front 43

Intubation:

Rabbits - __________________ ET tubes and laryngoscope

Small rodents - ___________ catheter positioned at _________ of pharynx

Back 43

un-cuffed

nasal / back

Front 44

What works really well as a nasal catheter for small rodents?

Back 44

a cat urinary catheter

Front 45

Monitoring Anesthesia:

1. What type of circuit is used?

2. why?

Back 45

1. out-of-circuit, non-rebreathing system

2. less dead space, warms and humidifies air

Front 46

How to determine anesthetic depth?

Rabbits:

Small rodents:

Back 46

Rabbits: ear pinch reflex

Rodents: Tail pinch / pedal withdrawal

Front 47

Monitoring:

CRT can only be used in what species?

HR in small rodents is gotten by?

Back 47

rabbits

palpation

Front 48

Why is monitoring blood loss so important?

Back 48

Small mammals have a small total blood volume

Front 49

Arterial blood pressure can be taken in which species (only)?

Where?

Back 49

Rabbits

Catheter in central ear artery, oscillometric or Doppler probe

Front 50

What is normal HR for small rodents?

For rabbits?

Back 50

rodents: 50-100 bpm

rabbits: 30 - 60 bpm

Front 51

A drop of _____% in bp requires attention

Back 51

50%

Front 52

Pulse oximetry - where to place?

Rodents:

Rabbits:

Back 52

rodents: across hind foot

rabbits: across a toe

(tail, tongue, ear)

Front 53

Pain assessment obstacle:

Back 53

Go immobile in response to fear / threats

Front 54

How to get around this?

Back 54

turn off lights (nocturnal)

Front 55

___________ (NSAID) can be used in rabbits for long-term maintenance.

Back 55

Metacam (Meloxicam)

Front 56

For chronic pain give: (combo)

Back 56

NSAID + Metacam

Front 57

Delivery of analgesics: what route is easiest?

Back 57

oral

Front 58

Preemptive analgesia is more difficult when _________________ anesthetics are used

Back 58

injectable

Front 59

If opioids are being used as the analgesic with injectable anesthetics, the opioids should be administered at the _________ of the anesthetic period.

Back 59

END

Front 60

Not all NSAIDs can be used safely pre-operatively because of their effect on the __________ and _____________ ____________.

Back 60

kidney
bleeding times