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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alveolus alveol-us |
Pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs.
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anthracosis antrac-osis |
Lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica; also called black lung.
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apnea a-pnea |
Temporary cessation of breathing. Sleep apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. To be so classified, the apnea must last for at least 10 seconds and occur 30 or more times during a 7-hour period of sleep. Sleep apnea is classified according to the mechanisms involved. Obstructive apnea is caused by obstruction to the upper airway. Central apnea is marked by absence of respiratory muscle activity.
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asphyxia a-sphyx-ia |
Emergency condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues; symptoms include dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, impairment of senses, and, in extreme cases, convulsions, unconsciousness, and death. Some of the more common causes include drowning, electrical shock, and aspiration of vomitus, lodging of a foreign body in the respiratory tract, inhalation of toxic gas or smoke, and poisoning. Artificial ventilation and oxygen should be administered as quickly as possible.
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aspiration aspirat-ion |
The act of drawing in or out by suction using a device such as a syringe or needle; the process of drawing foreign bodies, such as food, liquid, or other substances, into the nose, throat, or lungs on inspiration.
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asthma
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Disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest. Inflammation of the airways causes airflow into and out of the lungs to be restricted. During an asthma attack, the muscles of the bronchial tree constrict the linings of the air passages swell, reducing airflow and producing the characteristic wheezing sound.
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atelectasis atel-ectasis |
The partial collapse of a segment of alveolus decreasing the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange; condition of imperfect dilation of the lungs; the collapse of an alveolus, a lobule, or a larger lung unit.
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bronchiectasis bronchi-ectasis |
Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of a lung.
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bronchiolitis bronchiol-itis |
Inflammation of the bronchioles.
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bronchitis bronch-itis |
Inflammation of the bronchi.
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bronchoscope bronch/o-scope |
Medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi. In a bronchoscopy procedure, the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are examined by a flexible bronchoscope.
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration
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Rhythmic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration followed by apnea (which may last from 10-60 seconds), then repeat of the same cycle.
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cough
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Sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs; an essential protective response that clears irritants, secretions, or foreign objects from the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs.
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croup
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Acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterize by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor (high-pitched noisy breathing).
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cystic fibrosis (CF) cyst-ic fibr-osis |
Inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death. The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic scarring, fibrosis, and cyst formation within the pancreas. Cystic fibrosis may be diagnosed by many different categories of testing, including newborn screening, sweat testing, or genetic testing. The gene responsible for this condition has ben identified, and persons carrying the gene can be determined through genetic testing.
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dysphonia dys-phon-ia |
Condition of difficulty in speaking; hoarseness.
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dyspnea dys-pnea |
Literally means difficulty breathing.
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emphysema |
Chronic pulmonary disease in which alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged or destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. It is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. The primary cause of emphysema is the smoking of cigarettes.
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empyema
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Pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity.
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endotracheal (ET) endo-trache-al |
Within the trachea. An endotracheal tube is used in general anesthesia, intensive care, and emergency medicine for airway management, mechanical ventilation, and as an alternative route for the administration of medicines when an intravenous (IV) infusion line cannot be established.
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epistaxis epi-staxis |
Nosebleed; usually results from traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the mucous membranes of the nose.
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eupnea eu-pnea |
Good or normal breathing.
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exhalation ex-halat-ion |
Process of breathing out.
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expectoration ex-pector(at)-ion |
Process of coughing up and spitting out material, sputum, from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea.
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Heimlich maneuver
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Technique for forcing a foreign body out of the trachea.
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hemoptysis hem/o-ptysis |
Spitting up blood.
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hyperpnea hyper-pnea |
Abnormally deep and rapid breathing.
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hyperventilation hyper-ventilat-ion |
Process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limit.
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hypoxia hyp-ox-ia |
Condition of deficient amounts of O2 in the body tissues.
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influenza
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Acute, contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus. Onset is usually sudden, and symptoms are fever, chills, headache, myalgia, cough, and sore throat.
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laryngeal laryng-al |
Pertaining to the larynx, voice box.
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laryngitis laryng-itis |
Inflammation of the larynx.
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laryngoscope laryng/o-scope |
Medical instrument used to visually examine the larynx. The procedure using a laryngoscope is known as a laryngoscopy.
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Legionnaires' disease
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Severe pulmonary pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila.
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lobectomy lob-ectomy |
Surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland, such as the lung.
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mesothelioma mes/o-theli-oma |
Malignant tumor of mesothelium (serous membrane of the pleura) caused by the inhalation of asbestos.
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nasopharyngitis nas/o-pharyng-itis |
Inflammation of the nose and pharynx.
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olfaction olfact-ion |
Process of smelling.
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oropharynx or/o-pharynx |
Central portion of the throat that lies between the soft palate and upper portion of the epiglottis.
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orthopnea orth/o-pnea |
Inability to breath unless in an upright or straight position.
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palatopharyngoplasty palat/o-pharyng/o-plasty |
Type of surgery that relieves snoring and sleep apnea by removing the uvula and tonsils and reshaping the lining at the back of the throat to enlarge the air passageway.
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pertussis
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Acute, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; characterized by a peculiar paroxysmal cough ending in a "crowing" or "whooping" sound also called whooping cough.
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pharyngitis pharyng-itis |
Inflammation of the pharynx.
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pleurisy
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Inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or tumor. The inflamed pleural layers rub against each other every time the lungs expand to breathe in air. This can cause sharp pain with breathing (also called pleuritic chest pain).
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pleuritis pleur-itis |
Inflammation of the pleura.
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pleurodynia pleur/o-dynia |
Pain in the pleura.
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pneumoconiosis pneum/o-con/i-osis |
Abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles such as coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron dust (siderosis), asbestos (asbestosis), and quartz dust (silicosis).
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pneumonectomy pneumon-ectomy |
Surgical excision of the left or right lung.
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pneumonia pneumon-ia |
Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants.
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pneumonitis pneumon-itis |
Inflammation of the lung.
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pneumothorax pneum/o-thorax |
A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest wall and lungs, causing the lung to collapse. It may occur spontaneously or after physical trauma to the chest or as a complication of medical treatment.
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polyp
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Tumor with a stem; can occur when there are mucous membranes, such as the nose, ears, mouth, uterus, and intestines.
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pyothorax py/o-thorax |
Pus in the chest cavity.
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rale
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Abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling, or bubbling sound.
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respirator respirat-or |
Medical device used to assist in breathing; type of machine used for prolonged artificial respiration.
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respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
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Condition that can occur in a premature infant in which the lungs are not matured to the point of manufacturing lecithin, a pulmonary surfactant, resulting in collapse of the alveoli, which leads to cyanosis and hypoxia; previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD).
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respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
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Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 1 year of age. Illness begins with fever, runny nose, cough, and sometimes wheezing. Most children recover from illness in 8-15 days. It is contagious and is spread from respiratory secretions through close contact with infected persons or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
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rhinoplasty rhin/o-plasty |
Surgical repair of the nose.
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rhinorrhea rhin/o-rrhea |
Discharge from the nose.
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rhinovirus rhin/o-vir-rus |
One of a subgroup of viruses that cause the common cold, coryza, in humans.
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rhonchus rhonch-us |
Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction.
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sarcoidosis sarc-oid-osis |
Chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body, usually the lungs, causing dyspnea or exertion.
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severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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Contagious viral respiratory infection that was first described in Feb. 2003; serious form of pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress and sometimes death.
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sinusitis sinus-itis |
Inflammation of a sinus.
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spirometer spir/o-meter |
Medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration; in incentive spirometry, a portable spirometer may be used by a patient for deep breathing exercises.
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sputum
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Substance coughed up from the lungs; can be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody and can contain microorganisms.
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stridor
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High-pitched sound caused by partial obstruction of the air passageway.
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tachypnea tachy-pnea |
Rapid breathing.
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thoracentesis thora-centesis |
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid; also called thoracocentesis. Can be used in pleurisy to remove excess fluid that has accumulated in the chest cavity.
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thoracoplasty thrac/o-plasty |
Surgical repair of the chest wall.
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thoracotomy thorac/o-tomy |
Incision into the chest wall.
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tonsillectomy tonsil-ectomy |
Surgical excision of the tonsils.
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tonsillitis tonsil-itis |
Inflammation of the tonsils.
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tracheal trache-al |
Pertaining to the trachea.
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tracheostomy trache/o-stomy |
New opening into the trachea.
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tracheotomy trache/o-tomy |
Incision into the trachea.
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tuberculosis (TB) tubercul-osis |
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB can be diagnosed with a positive sputum culture indicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a chest x-ray (CXR) revealing lesions in the lung.
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wheeze
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A high-pitched whistling sound caused by constriction of air passageway associated with an asthma attack.
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