Ch 11 Pysch Quiz

Front 1

how does kalat define motivation?

Back 1

- the process that determines the reinforcement value of an outcome
-aka what makes you want something more at one time and less at another

Front 2

motivation is a general term for...

Back 2

a group of phenomena that affect the nature, strength and persistence of an indvs. behavior.

Front 3

what is meant by drive?

Back 3

-a state of unrest or irritation that energizes one behavior after another until one of them removes the irritation
-motivations are based on needs or irritations that we try to reduce; they do not specify particular actions

Front 4

what is meant by incentives?

Back 4

- external stimuli that pull us toward certain actions
-motivations are responses to attractive stimuli

Front 5

intrinsic motivation

Back 5

a motivation to do an act for its own sake

Front 6

extrinsic motivation

Back 6

based on the reinforcements and punishment that the act may
bring

Front 7

overjustification effect

Back 7

when people are given more extrinsic motivation than necessary to perform a task, their intrinsic motivation declines

Front 8

how is glucose involved in the short term physiological regulation of hunger?

Back 8

- it is the main factor responsible for the onset of hunger
- the start of a meal is a drop in how much of this enters the cells
- it is the most abundant sugar in your blood, is an important source of energy for all parts of the body and almost the only source for the brain
-the flow of this from the blood to the cells depends on insulin

Front 9

how is insulin involve in the short term physiological regulation of hunger?

Back 9

- it increases the flow of glucose and several other nutrients into the body cells
- at the start of a meal, the brain sends messages to the pancreas to increase its secretion of this
- it promotes the movement of glucose and other nutrients out of the blood and into cells
- as the meal continues, digested food enters the blood, but this helps to move excess nutrients our of the blood and into the liver or fat cells
- it holds down the surge of glucose and other nutrients in the blood
- also, in the brain it stimulates neurons that signal satiety

Front 10

how is glucagon involved in the short term physiological regulation of hunger?

Back 10

- after the end of a meal, when blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas secretes this hormone which stimulates the liver to release stored glucose back in to the blood

Front 11

obesity

Back 11

-the excessive accumulation of body fat
-a bmi of more than 30

Front 12

anorexia

Back 12

- a condition in which someone refuses to eat enough to maintain a stable with, intensely fears gaining weight and misperceives his or her body as fatter than it actually is
- literally "loss of appetite, for reasons of nerves"

Front 13

bulimia

Back 13

- literally "ox hunger"
- people alternate between self starvation and frequent periods of excessive eating when they fell they have lost their ability to control themselves. to compensate for the overeating the may force themselves to vomit or use laxatives or enemas or they may go thru long periods of dieting and exercising
- "binge and purge"

Front 14

testosterone

Back 14

- male fetuses generally secrete higher levels of this hormone than females do
- causes the tiny fetal structures to grow into a penis and a

Front 15

estrogen

Back 15

- increase more in females than in males
- important for internal female development but has little effect on the external anatomical development of penis versus clitoris and scrotum versus labia