Ch 11 Concepts

Front 1

agent

Back 1

a factor by which the precense or abuse is essential for deisease occurence

Front 2

analytic studies

Back 2

examine association or hypothesized casual relationship; generally concerned with identifyinf or measuring the efforts of certain risk factors

Front 3

associated

Back 3

a statistical dependence between two or moreevents or charchteristics; may be positive or negative

Front 4

case controll

Back 4

study desin in which persons w the disease of interest are compared w those wout disease in terms of exposire to some attribute or risk factor

Front 5

causitive factors

Back 5

factors associated with the development of disease

Front 6

cohort

Back 6

any designated group of persons followed or traced for a period

Front 7

confounding variables

Back 7

a specific type of bias; occurs when a variable is related to the outcome of interest and is more likely to be present in one group

Front 8

count

Back 8

the number or occurence of disease

Front 9

cross-sectional study

Back 9

examines the relationship between disease and risk factors in a defined populationat one particular time

Front 10

descriptive study

Back 10

describes the existing distribution of disease and other variables, wout regard to casual or other hypotheses

Front 11

Endemic

Back 11

the constant precence of disease within a given population or geographic area

Front 12

enviornmental factors

Back 12

factors external to the individual human host that can influence disease

Front 13

epidemic

Back 13

the occurence of disease in a given population or geographic area that clearly exceeds normal expectency

Front 14

epidemiology

Back 14

the study of the distributionand determinates of disease and injurys in human populations

Front 15

expiermental study

Back 15

a study in which the investigator directly controlls the conditions

Front 16

host factors

Back 16

factors within the individual human that can influence disease

Front 17

incidence

Back 17

the number of new disease cases within a specified period

Front 18

index

Back 18

a graduated, numeric scale with upper and lower limits; scores on the scale correlate to specific criteria

Front 19

morbidity

Back 19

sickness, illness

Front 20

mortality

Back 20

death

Front 21

multiple causeation

Back 21

the concept that a given disease may have more than one cause

Front 22

observational study

Back 22

the study desin that does not involve intervention

Front 23

oral epidemiology

Back 23

the study of the distribution and determinats of oral disease and injury in human populations

Front 24

pandemic

Back 24

a worldwide epidemic

Front 25

predictive value

Back 25

for screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test, is a true positive

Front 26

prevelance

Back 26

the number of disease cases in a population at a given time

Front 27

proportion

Back 27

the ratio to whcih the numberator is included in the denominator

Front 28

prospective

Back 28

the study design in whcih a group of individuals (cohort) are followed forward in time

Front 29

retrospective

Back 29

a study design in which inferences about xposures are based on past events or expeirences

Front 30

sensitivity

Back 30

the proportion of truely diseased persons in a screened population identified aas having disease by the screening test

Front 31

specificity

Back 31

the proportion of truely nondiseased persons in a screened population who are identifed by screening as not having disese

Front 32

rates

Back 32

proportions in epidemiology; numerator-#of people w disease, deominsator-population at risk for said disease

Front 33

a way to define incidence

Back 33

the # of persons developing a diesese divided by the total time experienced for the subjects followed

Front 34

3 primary factors

Back 34

agent, host factors, enviormental factors