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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Intramolecular forces?
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Strong attractive forces within the same molecule. (Covalent and Ionic Bonds)
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What are Intermolecular Forces?
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Weaker attractive forces between different molecules.
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What are Dipole-dipole interactions?
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Attractive forces between polar molecules. The strength depends on the relative strength of the dipoles.
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What are hydrogen bonds?
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Strong dipole-dipole interaction that results in a strong Intermolecular forces.
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What are some cases where hydrogen bonds can occur?
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In water between the H and Oxygens, when H bonds with nitrogen like in NH3 and when H is bonded to F.
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Why do water and soda explode in the freezer?
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Because liquid water expands when it is frozen, adn as the liquid water cools, the molecules slow down and form a spread out lattice, and in the lattice each water molecule is farther apart than in a liquid.
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What shape is the microscopic lattice that forms from frozen water?
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hexagonal
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What are London Dispersion Forces?
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Relatively weak Intermolecular forces, due to smaller, induced dipole moments in molecules caused by constantly shifting distribution in electron arrangement.
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London forces on ____________ molecules are usually weaker than dipole-dipole interactions?
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small
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True or False? London Dispersion Forces can add up to strong attractive forces sometimes even stronger than dipole-dipole interactions.
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TRUE
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Does the strength of London forces increase or decrease with larger surface areas and more contact area between the molecules?
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Increase
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What are some microscopic characteristics of the solid phase?
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Molecules are very close, essentially touching, and have a definite volume.
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What are some microscopic characteristics of the liquid phase?
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The molecules are farther apart, confined but not determined by the size of the container.
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What are some microscopic characteristics of the gas phase?
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Particles independent of each other, far apart, expand to fill the container. No definite volume.
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What is teh difference between the phases? The type of molecules or the IM forces?
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The IM forces are different.
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Molecules have faster speeds and more kinetic energy when the temperature is ___________.
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higher.
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Molecules have slower speeds and less kinetic energy at ________ temperature.
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LOWER
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What two things do the phase of matter depend on?
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The strength of IM forces and how much the Kinetic Energy (heat, temp) can overcome them.
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What is a critical temperature?
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The highest temperature at which a distinct liquid phase can form.
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What is a critical pressure?
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Pressure required to liquify a gas at the critical temperature.
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________IM forces= Lower critical T,P
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WEAKER
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What is a phase diagram?
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A temperature/pressure plot that summarizes the conditions under which the different phases of matter occur Regions of a Phase Diagram.
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What is the critical point on a phase diagram represent?
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critical temperature and critical pressure.
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What is the triple point on a phase diagram represent?
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g,s,l all present in equilibrium
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What is a molecular solid?
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Atoms or molecules that are held together by IM forces.
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what is a nonmolecular solid?
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a solid that does not consist of discrete molecules. Atoms are held together by chemical bonds.
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what is a covalent-network solid?
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Atoms connected in a network of covalent bonds.
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What is a metallic solid?
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Metal atoms held together by metallic bonds.
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What are ionic solids?
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Positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction (ionic bonding).
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