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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sterilization
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destroys 100% of microbes
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disinfection
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destroy vegetative pathogens, not endospores on inanimate objects
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antiseptic
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applied directly to exposed body surfaces
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sanitization
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mechanically removes microbes
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how to control microbes:
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-heat- moist and dry - cold temperatures -desiccation -radiation, filtration |
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moist heat:
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denatures protein
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autoclave:
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steam under pressure
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moist heat: temp and time to sterilize
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121 C and 15 minutes
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dry heat: temp and time to sterilze |
121 C and 600 minutes
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thermal death time
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shortest time to kill all microbes at a specified temperature
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thermal death point
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lowest temp to kill all microbes in sample in 10 minutes
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boiling water:
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for disinfection boiling at 100 C for 30 minutes destroy non-pathogen spore formers |
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pasteurization
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mild heating to kill pathogens -destroys bacteria in wine and milk -flash 72 C for 16 seconds, then quickly cooling to 4 C -or 65 for 35 minutes |
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dry heat
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higher temperatures than moist heat -incineration- flame or electric heating coil -ignites and reduces microbes and other substances dry ovens- 150- 180 C-ruins proteins |
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desiccation
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gradual removal of water from cells, leads to metabolic inhibition -not effective microbial control |
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lyphophilization
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freeze drying; preservation
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ionizing radiation
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ionizing radiation- deep penetrating power -breaks DNA - Gamma rays, x-rays - used to sterilize medical supplies and food products |
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heavy metals
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solutions of silver and mercury vegetative cells in low concentrations -inactivate proteins - low level - merthiolate, silver nitrate, silver |
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magic bullet-
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destroys infective cells without damaging the host's cells - selective toxicity - antimicrobial drugs are produced naturally or synthetically antibiotic- living source |
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Penicillin and its Relatives
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large and diverse- half of antibiotics -some synthetic =or semi-synthetic forms - penetrate gram negative outer membrane - ampicillin -amoxycillin |
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Penicillin and its side effects:
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allergy: can be serious -diarrhea -fungal infections of the mouth and digestive tract |
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non- beta lactam cell wall inhibitors
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Vancomycin- staphylococcal infections in case of penicillin and methicillin resistance - if patient is allergic to penicillin - toxic and hard to administer Bacitracin- narrow- spectrum produced by a strain of bacillus; used topically in ointment |
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Cipro and other quinolones
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some quinolones act against DNA to fragment - the quinolones acts by blocking the enzyme DNA gyrase, which unwinds DNA for copying |
