Ch 11

Front 1

Unlearned reinforcer

Back 1

-A stimulus, event, or condition that is a reinforcer,
-though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer

Front 2

What is the name of the chapter?

Back 2

Learned reinforcers and Learned Aversive Conditions

Front 3

Learned Reinforcer

Back 3

(secondary or conditioned reinforcer)

-A stimulus, event, or condition that is a reinforcer
-because it has been paired with another reinforcer

Front 4

Pairing procedure

Back 4

-The immediate pairing of a neutral stimulus with
-a reinforcer or aversive condition

Front 5

Value-altering principle

Back 5

-The pairing procedure
-converts a neutral stimulus into
-a learned reinforcer or learned aversive condition

Front 6

Generalized learned reinforcer

Back 6

(generalized secondary reinforcer, generalized conditioned reinforcer)

-A learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer
-because it was paired with a variety of other reinforcers
-when the organism has been deprived of those other reinforcers

Front 7

Why are generalized learned reinforcers effective?

Back 7

Because the organism is usually deprived of at least some of the backup reinforcers

Front 8

Token economy

Back 8

-A system of generalized learned reinforcers
-in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them
-and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers
-later

Front 9

Learned aversive condition

Back 9

(secondary or conditioned aversive condition)

-A stimulus, event, or condition that is an aversive condition
-because it has been paired with another aversive condition

Front 10

Generalized learned aversive stimulus

Back 10

-A learned stimulus or condition,
-that is aversive because it was paired
-with a variety of other
-aversive stimuli or conditions and/or
-the loss of a variety of other reinforcers

Front 11

Extinction vs the Unlearning of Learned reinforcers and aversive conditions

Back 11

Unlearning of a learned reinforcer consists of no longer pairing the learned reinforcer with the original reinforcer.

Extinction consists of no longer making a reinforcer contingent on a response.

Front 12

Conditional stimulus

Back 12

-Elements of a stimulus
-have their value or function
-only when they are combined;
-otherwise, the individual elements are relatively neutral

Front 13

What do we really mean when we say we "value" something?

Back 13

They are a powerful reinforcer for us.

Their violation is a powerful aversive condition.

Front 14

How do you rule out the environmental enrichment view?

Back 14

Make potential reinforcers noncontingent on responses.

Front 15

How do you rule out chance?

Back 15

Use a reversal design.

Front 16

Imprinted Reinforcer

Back 16

-A reinforcer that acquires its unlearned reinforcing properties
-as a result of being the first stimulus
-the organism contacts during a brief period after birth