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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Ear
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combining forms
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acous/o, audi/o
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hearing
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aer/o
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air or gas
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aur/i, ot/o
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ear
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cerumin/o
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wax
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salping/o
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eustachian tube or uterine tube
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tympan/o, myring/o
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eardrum
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-acusis
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hearing condition
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anatomic terms
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external ear
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outer structures of the ear that collect sound
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pinna
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auricle (little ear); projected part of external ear (pinna=feather)
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external auditory meatus or canal
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external passage for sounds collected form the pinna to the tympanum
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cerumen
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waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal
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middle ear
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structures in the middle of the ear that vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to inner ear
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tympanic membrane ™
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eardrum; drum-like structure that receives sound collected in external auditory canal and amplifies it through the middle ear
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malleus
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hammer; first of the 3 auditory ossicles of the middle ear
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incus
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anvil; middle of 3 auditory ossicles of middle ear
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stapes
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stirrup; last of 3 auditory ossicles of middle ear
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eustachain tube/ auditory tube
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tube connected middle ear to pharynx (throat)
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oval window
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membrane that covers opening btw middle ear and inner ear
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inner ear / labyrinth
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intricate fluid-filled, intercommunicating bony and membranous passages that function in hearing by relaying sound waves to auditory nerve fibers on a path to the brain for interpretation; also sense body mvmt and position to maintain balance and equilibrium
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cochlea
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coiled tubular structure of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti (cochlea = snail)
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perilymph
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fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the inner ear
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endolymph
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fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
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organ of Corti
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structure located in the cochlea; contains receptors (hair cells) that receive vibrations and generate nerve impulses for hearing
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vestibule
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middle part of the inner ear, in front of the semicircular canals and behind the cochlea, that contains the utricle and the saccule; functions to provide body balance and equilibrium
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utricle
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larger of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear
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saccule
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smaller of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear (small bag)
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semicircular canals
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three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement
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Symptomatic Terms
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otalgia / otodynia
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earache
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otorrhagia
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bleeding from the ear
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otorrhea
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purulent drainage from the ear
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tinnitus
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jingling; ringing or buzzing in the ear
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vertigo
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a turning round; dizziness
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diagnostic terms
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otitis externa
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inflammation of the external auditory meatus (canal)
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cerumen impaction
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excessive buildup of wax in the ear that often reduces hearing acuity, especially in elderly persons
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myringitis / tympanitis
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inflammation of the eardrum
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otitis media
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inflammation of the middle ear
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aerotitis media
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inflammation of the middle ear from changes in atm press. Often occurs with frequent air travel
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eustachian obstruction
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blockage of the eusachain tube, usually as a result of infection, as in otitis media
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otosclerosis
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hardening of the bony tissue in the ear
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acoustic neuroma
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benign tumor on the auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve) that causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
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labyrinthitis
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inflammation of the labyrinth (inner ear)
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Ménière disease
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disorder of inner ear resulting from an excessive buildup of endolymphatic fluid, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss; one or both ears can be affected, and attacks vary in both freq and intensity
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deafness
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gen term for partial or complete loss of hearing
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conductive hearing loss
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hearing impairment caused by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles
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sensorineural hearing loss
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hearing impairment caused by lesions or dysfunction of the cochlea or auditory nerve
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mixed hearing loss
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combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss
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presbyacusis/ presbycusis
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hearing impairment in old age
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diagnostic tests and procedures
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audiometry
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process of measuring hearing
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audiometer
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instrument to measure hearing
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audiogram
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record of hearing instrument
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audiologist
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health professional who specializes in the study of hearing impairments
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auditory acuity testing
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physical assessment of hearing; useful in differentiating btw conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
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tuning fork
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2-pronged fork-like instrument that vibrates when struck; used to test hearing, esp bone conduction
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brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)/ brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)
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electrodiagnostic testing that uses computerized equipment to measure involuntary responses to sound within the auditory nervous system; commonly used to assess hearing in newborns
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otoscopy
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use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
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pneumatic otoscopy
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otoscopic observation of the tympanic membrane as air is released into the external auditory meatus; immobility indicates the presence of middle ear effusion (fluid buildup), as occurs as a result of otitis media
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tympanometry
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measurement of the compliance and mobility (conductibility) of the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the middle ear by monitoring the response to external airflow pressures
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operative terms
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microsurgery
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surgery with the use of a microscope used on delicate tissue, such as the ear
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myringotomy/ tympanostomy
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incision into the eardrum, most often for insertion of a small polyethylene (PE) tube to keep the canal open and prevent fluid buildup, such as occurs in otitis media
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otoplasty
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surgical repair of the external ear
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stapedectomy
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excision of the stapes to correct otosclerosis
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tympanoplasty
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vein graft of a scarred tympanic membrane to improve sound conduction
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therapeutic terms
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auditory prosthesis
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any internal or external device that improves or substitutes for natural hearing
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hearing aid
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an external amplifying device designed to improve hearing by more effective collection of sound into the ear
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cochlear implant
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an electronic device implanted in the cochlea that provides sound perception to px with severe or profound sensorineural (nerve)hearing loss in both ears
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ear lavage
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irrigation of the external ear canal, often to remove excessive buildup of cerumen
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ear instillation
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introduction of a medicated soln into the external canal, usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected ears
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drugs
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antibiotic
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a drug that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms; used to tx diseases caused by bacteria (eg otitis media)
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antihistamine
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a drug that blocks the effects of histamine
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histamine
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a regulatory body substance released in allergic rxns; causing swelling and inflammation of tissues; seen in hay fever and urticaria (hives)
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antiinflammatory
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a drug that reduces inflammation
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decongestant
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a drug that reduces congestion and swelling of membranes, such as those of the nose and eustachian tube in an infection
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abbreviations
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BAEP
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brainstem auditory evoked potential
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BAER
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brainstem auditory evoked response
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ENT
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ear, nose, throat
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PE
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polyethylene
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TM
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tympanic membrane
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