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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reduction |
reduce oxidation number |
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Oxidize |
increase oxidation number |
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Oxidizing Agent |
Oxidizes other things |
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Reducing Agent |
reduces other things |
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Cathode |
electrons go down (reduction) |
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Anode |
electrons go up (oxidation) |
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Galvanic Cell |
spontaneous reaction |
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Electrolytic Cell |
non-spontaneous reaction |
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Work by electrons (G) = |
G = -nFE **E is epsilon, cell potential in volts |
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E(cell) = |
E(cathode) - E(anode) |
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Lye is (acidic/basic) |
basic |
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Strong acids ___________ in water |
completely dissociate |
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Acids and bases are ________ proportional |
inversely |
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Larger Coulomb repulsion makes something (more/less) acidic |
more |
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The stronger an acid is... |
-more dissociation -higher Ka -higher oxidation state of central atom -higher electronegativity/size of central atom |
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regular equilibrium constant K = |
Ka of reacting acid ___________________ Ka of produced acid |
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water constant Kw = |
1x10^-14 ***note that this means in pure water the concentrations of H30 and OH are both 1x10^-7 |
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pH = |
-log[H3O] |
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Thoughts on Acid-Base stuff: 1. Lavoisier 2. Arrhenius 3. Bronsted-Lowry 4. Lewis |
1. O 2. H, not O 3. more about protons 4. About electron pairs |
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pKa = |
-log(Ka) |
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In Lewis Acid-Base chemistry... |
Acids are electron pair acceptors Bases are electron pair donors |
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Alkanes |
single bonds |
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Hydrocarbons are often _______ and ________ |
molecular and covalent |
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Isomers |
molecules with same atoms but different structures |
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Alkene |
double bonds **note that multiple bonds should be acknowledged (diene) |
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Cis |
everything on the same side |
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Trans |
not everything on the same side |
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Hydrogenation |
adding H to saturate compound |
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# of C's 1= 2= 3= 4= |
1 = methane 2 = ethane 3 = propane 4 = butane |
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Alkenes have ________ isomers than alkanes |
more |
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Phenyl |
side groups with their own name |
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Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary carbons |
primary = 3H secondary = 2H tertiary = 1H quarternary = No H |
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Conjugated |
alternating between single and double bonds |
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Alkynes |
triple bonds |
