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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genotype
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combination of genes in an organism
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Law of Independent assortment
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each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
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Law of Segregation
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Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
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phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism; regardless of its genes
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zygote
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diplod cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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crossing over
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exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
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diploid
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(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
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egg
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haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis
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genetic recombination
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major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
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haploid
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cell with one of each kind of chromosome; said to contain a haploid or n number of chromosomes
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homologous chromosome
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paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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meiosis
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type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
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nondisjunction
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failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes
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sexual reproduction
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pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
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Sperm
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haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis
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Pistil
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The unit of female reproduction of a flower.
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Stamen
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The male reproductive organ of a flower.
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