Ch. 10,11,&12 - Exam #3

Front 1

Hand-axe

Back 1

The most dominant tool in the Acheulian Complex, characterized by a sharp edge for both cutting and scraping

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Acheulian Complex

Back 2

The culture associated with H. Erectus, including handaxes and other types of stone tools; more refined than that of the Oldowan tools

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Homo Erectus

Back 3

An early homo species and the likely descendent of H. Habilis; the first hominid species to move out of Africa into Asia and Europe

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Pithecanthropus Erectus

Back 4

The name first purposed by Ernst Haeckel for the oldest hominid; Dubois later used this name for his first fossil discovery; which later came to be known as the firsts Homo Erectus

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Sagittal Keel

Back 5

A slight ridge of bone found along the midline sagittal structure of the cranium, which is typically found in H. Erectus skulls

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Clovis

Back 6

Earliest Native American culture of North America; technology known for large, fluted, bifacial stone projectile points used as spear points for big game hunting

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Folsom

Back 7

Early Native American (immediately following clovis) culture of North America; technology known for large, fluted, bifacial projectile points used as spear points for big game hunting

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Homo Floresiensis

Back 8

Nicknamed "Hobbit" for its diminutive size, a possible new species of homo found in Liang Bua Cave, on the Indonesian island of Flores

Front 9

Levallois

Back 9

A distinctive method of stone tool production used during the Middle Paleolithic, in which the core was prepared and flakes removed from the surface before the final tool was detached from the core

Front 10

Megafauna

Back 10

General term for the large game animals hunted by pre-Holocene and early Holocene humans

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Microcephaly

Back 11

A condition in which the cranium is abnormally small and the brain is underdeveloped

Front 12

Middle Paleolithic

Back 12

The middle part of the Old Stone Age, associated with Mousterian tools, which Neandertals produced using the Levallois technique

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Mousterian

Back 13

The stone tool culture in which Neandertals produced tools using the Levallois technique

Front 14

Occipital Bun

Back 14

A cranial feature of Neadertals which the occipital bone projects substantially from the skulls posterior

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Paleoindians

Back 15

The earliest hominid inhabitants of Americas; they likely migrated from Asia and are associated with Clovis and Folsom stone tool cultures in North America and comparable tools in South America

Front 16

Orrorin Tugenensis

Back 16

A pre-australopithecine species found in East Africa that displayed some of the earliest evidence of bipedalism

Front 17

Orrorin Tugenensis

Back 17

A pre-australopithecine species found in East Africa that displayed some of the earliest evidence of bipedalism

Front 18

Oldowan Complex

Back 18

The stone tool culture associated with H. Habilis and possibly, A. Garhi, including primitive chopper tools

Front 19

Lucy

Back 19

One of the most significant fossils; 40% complete skeleton of an adult female A. Afarensis, found in East Africa

Front 20

Lucy

Back 20

One of the most significant fossils; 40% complete skeleton of an adult female A. Afarensis, found in East Africa

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Lower Paleolithic

Back 21

The oldest part of the period during which the first stone tools were created and used, beginning with the Oldowan Complex

Front 22

Lucy

Back 22

One of the most significant fossils; 40% complete skeleton of an adult female A. Afarensis, found in East Africa

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Lower Paleolithic

Back 23

The oldest part of the period during which the first stone tools were created and used, beginning with the Oldowan Complex

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Homo Habilis

Back 24

An early homo species, a possible descendent of A. Garhi and an ancestor to H. Erectus; showed the first substantial increase in brain size and was the first species definitively associated with the production and use of stone tools

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Eoanthropus Dawsoni

Back 25

The species name given to the cranium and mandible in the Piltdown hoax

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Eoanthropus Dawsoni

Back 26

The species name given to the cranium and mandible in the Piltdown hoax

Front 27

Australopithecus Sediba

Back 27

A late species of Australopithecine from South Africa that may have descended from A. Africanus; was a contemporary of A. Robustus, and express anatomical features found in australopithecus and in homo

Front 28

Sahelanthropus Tchadensis

Back 28

The earliest pre-Australopithecine species found in Central Africa with possible evidence of bipedalism

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Sahelanthropus Tchadensis

Back 29

The earliest pre-Australopithecine species found in Central Africa with possible evidence of bipedalism

Front 30

Australopithecus Robustus

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A robust australopithecine from South Africa that may have descended from A. Afarensis, was contemporaneous with A. Boisei, and had the robust cranial traits of large teeth, large face, and heavy muscle attachments

Front 31

Australopithecus Platyops

Back 31

An australopithecine from East Africa that had a unique flat face and was contemporaneous with A. Afarensis

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Australopithecus Platyops

Back 32

An australopithecine from East Africa that had a unique flat face and was contemporaneous with A. Afarensis

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Australopithecus Garhi

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A late australopithecine from East Africa that was contemporaneous with A. Aethiopicus and was the likely ancestor to the homo lineage

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Australopithecus Boisei

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Formally known as Zinjanthropus Boisei; a later robust australopithecine from East Africa that was contemporaneous with A. Robustus and A. Africanus and had the robust cranial traits, including: large teeth, face, and heavy muscle attachments

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Upper Paleolithic

Back 35

Refers to the most recent part of the Old Stone Age, associated with early modern Homo sapiens and characterized by finely crafted stone and other types of tools with various functions

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Ardipithecus Kadabba

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An early pre-australopithecine species from the late Miocene to the early Pilocene; shows evidence of perihoning complex, a primitive trait intermediate between apes and modern humans

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Ardipithecus Kadabba

Back 37

An early pre-australopithecine species from the late Miocene to the early Pilocene; shows evidence of perihoning complex, a primitive trait intermediate between apes and modern humans

Front 38

Ardipithecus Ramidus

Back 38

A later pre-australopithecine species from the late Miocene to the early Pilocene; shows evidence of both bipedalism and arboreal activity but no indication of the primitive perihoning complex

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Australopithecus Aethiopicus

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An early australopithecine from Eat Africa, with the hallmark physical traits of large teeth, large face, and massive muscle attachments on the cranium

Front 40

Australopithecus Afarensis

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An early australopithecine from East Africa that had a brain size equivalent to a modern chimpanzees and is thought to be a direct human ancestor

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Australopithecus Africanus

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A gracil australopithecine from South Africa that was contemporaneous with A. Aethiopicus, A. Garhi, and A. Boisei and was likely ancestor to A. Afarensis

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Australopithecus Anamensis

Back 42

The oldest species of australopithecine from East Africa and a likely ancestor to A. Afarensis