Ch. 10 Urinary System

Front 1

Functions of urinary system

Back 1

- excrete nitrogenous waste and excess fluids
- maintain homeostasis and pH
- formation of urine
- secretes erythropoietin, which increases RBC production
- reabsorbs electrolytes and glucose

Front 2

Formation of urine

Back 2

- renal artery supplies kidney with oxygenated blood
- blood gets filtered by kidney
- passed through renal tubules to produce urine

Front 3

Kidneys

Back 3

- nephron: basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
- nephrons filter blood and produce urine
- nephritis: inflammation of nephrons

Front 4

Hydroureter

Back 4

Backing up of urine due to obstruction of uterer

Front 5

Ureters

Back 5

- transports urine to Hilus and then to bladder
- enter bladder and form a valve-like opening to prevent backflow

Front 6

Bladder

Back 6

- lined with transitional epithelium
- functions to collect and store urine
- there are 2 sphincters at the neck of the bladder to control flow of urine

Front 7

Urethra

Back 7

- takes urine from bladder to outside the body
- in male dog, urethra has 2 parts- pelvic and penile

Front 8

Micturition

Back 8

Act if expelling urine from body; normally reflexive but can be overridden by Detrusser muscle

Front 9

Pollakuria

Back 9

Abnormally frequent urination usually in small amounts

Front 10

Uremia

Back 10

- unfiltered urine passing into bloodstream
- aka azotemia
- can be caused by various renal complications and factors
- can be caused by: prerenal damage
blockage
renal uremia (kidney failure)

Front 11

Urolithiasis

Back 11

Process of forming stones in kidney, bladder, or ureters

Front 12

Urolith

Back 12

- urinary stone
- cab cause blockage in urinary tract
- common in males
- symptoms: dysuria, lethargy, bleeding

Front 13

Cystogram

Back 13

Contrast medium is infused into bladder and area is radiographed for diagnostic

Front 14

Diabetes mellitus

Back 14

- occurs when there is too much glucose in the blood
- excess passes down tubules and out in urine

Front 15

Diuretics

Back 15

- used to increase volume of urine produced, therefore reducing volume of fluid in body
- used to treat buildup of excess fluid
- Lasix (furosemide)

Front 16

Neoplasia

Back 16

- "new formation"
- usually malignant but removable