Ch 10 Terms

Front 1

anterior chamber

Back 1

fluid filled space between cornea and iris

Front 2

aqueous humor

Back 2

watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fils the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)

Front 3

canal of Schlemm

Back 3

duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

Front 4

choroid

Back 4

vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portioin of the retina

Front 5

ciliary body

Back 5

ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shaper of the lens

Front 6

conjunctiva

Back 6

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

Front 7

cornea

Back 7

transparet anterior part of the eeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image

Front 8

eyelid (palpebra)

Back 8

movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye

Front 9

fovea centralis

Back 9

pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision

Front 10

fundus (base)

Back 10

interior surface of the eyeball incl. the retina, optic disc, macula, an dposterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)

Front 11

glands of Zeis

Back 11

oil glands surrounding the eyelashes

Front 12

meibomian glands

Back 12

oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids

Front 13

iris

Back 13

colored circle; colored part of th eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing thru the pupil

Front 14

ciliary muscle

Back 14

smooh muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capability

Front 15

ciliary processes

Back 15

peithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aq. humor

Front 16

lacrimal gland

Back 16

gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears

Front 17

lacrimal ducts

Back 17

tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac

Front 18

lacrimal sac

Back 18

structure that collect stears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct

Front 19

lens

Back 19

transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina

Front 20

lens capsule

Back 20

capsule that encloses the lens

Front 21

macula lutea (macula)

Back 21

central region on the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provids its color

Front 22

nasolarimal duct

Back 22

passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose

Front 23

optic disc

Back 23

exit site of retinal nerve fibers

Front 24

posterior chamber

Back 24

space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor

Front 25

pupil

Back 25

black circular opening in the center of the iris thru which light passes as it enters the eye

Front 26

retina

Back 26

innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve

Front 27

cones

Back 27

cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

Front 28

rods

Back 28

rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

Front 29

sclera

Back 29

tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

Front 30

trabecular meshwork

Back 30

mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm

Front 31

vitreous

Back 31

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

Front 32

asthenopia

Back 32

eyestrain

Front 33

blepharospasm

Back 33

involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

Front 34

diplopia

Back 34

double vision

Front 35

exophthalmos; exophthalmus

Back 35

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Front 36

lacrimation

Back 36

secretion of tears

Front 37

nystagmus

Back 37

invluntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball

Front 38

photophobia

Back 38

extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light

Front 39

scotoma

Back 39

blind spot in vision

Front 40

refactive errors

Back 40

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

Front 41

astigmatism

Back 41

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina

Front 42

hyperopia

Back 42

farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

Front 43

myopia

Back 43

nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

Front 44

presbyopia

Back 44

impaired vision caused by old age of lass of accommodation

Front 45

accommodation

Back 45

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

Front 46

aphakia

Back 46

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

Front 47

blepharitis

Back 47

inflam of eyelid

Front 48

blepharochalasis

Back 48

baddy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when eyes are open

Front 49

dermatochalasis

Back 49

baddy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when eyes are open

Front 50

blepharoptosis

Back 50

drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis

Front 51

chalazion

Back 51

chronic nodular inflm of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct

Front 52

cataract

Back 52

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

Front 53

conjunctivitis

Back 53

pinkeye; inflam. of the conjunctiva

Front 54

dacryoadenitis

Back 54

inflam. of the lacrimal gland

Front 55

dacryocystitis

Back 55

inflam. of the tear sac

Front 56

diabetic retinopathy

Back 56

disease of the retina in diabetics char. by capillary leakage, bleeding and new vessel formation leading to scarring and loss of vision

Front 57

ectropion

Back 57

outward turning of the rim of the eyelid

Front 58

entropion

Back 58

inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

Front 59

epiphora

Back 59

abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct

Front 60

glaucoma

Back 60

a group of diseases of th eye char. by inc. intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

Front 61

hordeolum

Back 61

a sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

Front 62

iritis

Back 62

inflam of iris

Front 63

keratitis

Back 63

inflam of the cornea

Front 64

macular degeneration

Back 64

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

Front 65

pseudophakia

Back 65

an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant

Front 66

pterygium

Back 66

a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to UV light

Front 67

retinal detachment

Back 67

separation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

Front 68

retinitis

Back 68

inflam of the retina

Front 69

strabismus

Back 69

a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance

Front 70

heterotropia

Back 70

a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance

Front 71

esotropia

Back 71

right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose

Front 72

exotropia

Back 72

right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose

Front 73

scleritis

Back 73

inflammation of the sclera

Front 74

trichiasis

Back 74

misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva or cornea

Front 75

distance visual acuity

Back 75

a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usu from 20 feet; normal is 20/20

Front 76

fluorescein angiography

Back 76

visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye

Front 77

ophtalmoscopy

Back 77

use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

Front 78

slit lamp biomicroscopy

Back 78

use of a table top microscope used to examine the eye, esp. the cornea, lens fluids, and membranes

Front 79

sonography

Back 79

use of a high freq sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina

Front 80

tonometry

Back 80

use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure which is elevated in glaucoma

Front 81

blepharoplasty

Back 81

surgical repair of an eyelid

Front 82

cataract extraction

Back 82

excision of a cloudy lens from the eye

Front 83

cryoretinopexy

Back 83

use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment

Front 84

dacryocystectomy

Back 84

excision of a lacrimal sac

Front 85

enucleation

Back 85

excision of an eyeball

Front 86

iridectomy

Back 86

excision of a portion of iris tissue

Front 87

keratoplasty

Back 87

corneal transplant

Front 88

laser surgery

Back 88

use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues (used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc)

Front 89

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Back 89

a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism

Front 90

intraocular lens (IOL) implant

Back 90

implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens

Front 91

phacoemulsification

Back 91

use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal

Front 92

contact lens

Back 92

a small, plastic, curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors

Front 93

eye instillation

Back 93

introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop or drops in the affected eye or eyes

Front 94

eye irrigation

Back 94

washing of the eye with water or other fluids (like saline)

Front 95

antibiotic ophthalmic solution

Back 95

antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (such as conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)

Front 96

mydriatic

Back 96

an agent that causes dilation of the pupil (used for certain eye examinations)

Front 97

miotic

Back 97

an agent that causes the pupil ton contract