Ch 10 Stress & Disease Study Guide

Front 1

Explain the general adaptation syndrome:

Back 1

The GAS occurs in 3 stages:
1.) The alarm stage
2.) The stage of resistance or adaptation
3.) The stage of exhaustion

Front 2

what are the 3 components of physiologic stress?

Back 2

1. stressor
2. physiologic or chemical dsiturbance produced by stressor
3. adaptation to stressor

Front 3

What is the role of catecholamine (adremal medulla) in the stress response?

Back 3

Cathecholamines: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.

In general catecholamines prepare the body to act.

Front 4

Describe the psychologic mediators and stressors:

Back 4

psychologic stressors can elicit a reactive stress response, the Reactive response is a physiologic response derived from a psychologic stressor.
Other pyschologic-mediated stress response:
Anticapatory response
Conditional response

Front 5

what are the types of responses to stress?

Back 5

1. General Adaptation Syndrome
2. Neuroendocrine response
3. Immune Sys Response
4. Psychoneuroimmunologic response

Front 6

what occurs in 1st stage of GAS?

Back 6

alarm stage: stressor activates pituitary gland/ hyothalamus and sympathetic NS... ready for fight or flight. CORTISOL is released from adrenal CORtex

Front 7

what occurs in 2nd stage of GAS?

Back 7

Resistance or Adpatation:
1. begins w actions of adrenal hormomes: cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
2.body selects effective defense
3. mobilization for fight or flight continues
- book says cortisol levels drop

Front 8

What is the role of cortisol (adrenal cortex) in the stress resonse?

Back 8

Mobilizes energy (glucose) and other substances needed to fuel the action

Front 9

what are mechanisms of GAS or generalized stress response?

Back 9

* Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) production
* Antidiuretichormone release (ADH) [released by the
posterior pituitary]
* Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation
* Renin-angiotensin-aldosteronepathway activation

Front 10

What is the role of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) in the stress response?

Back 10

influences the immune system indirectly by the activation of gulcocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines. Peripheral CRH is proinflammatory, causing vasodilation and vascular permeability. It appears that the mast cellls are the target of peripheral CRH.
Like the FUEL INJECTOR, (THE FUEL HERE IS CORTISOL)

Front 11

What is the role of endorphins in the stress response?

Back 11

Endorphins and enkephalins (endogenous opiates) are relased into the blood stream as part of the response to stressful stimuli. They are related to pain relief & modulate B/P instability

Front 12

What is the role of growth hormone in the stress response?

Back 12

Enhancing effects on immune function, involved in tissue repair.

Front 13

What is the role of prolactin in the stress response?

Back 13

Several classes of lymphocytes have receptors for prolacting, suggesting a direct effect of prolactin on immune function

Front 14

What is the role of oxytocin in the stress response?

Back 14

Known to have anti-stress properties,
Tend and befriend response

Front 15

What is the role of sex steroids in the stress response?

Back 15

*

Front 16

Describe psychoneuroimmunology

Back 16

is the study of the interaction of consciousness (psyhco), brain and spinal cord (neuro), and the body's defenses against external infection and abnormal cell division (immunology).
Psychoneuroimmunology assumes that all immune-related disease is multifactorial. The immune system is integrated with other physiologic processes and is sensitive to changes in CNS and endocrine fucntioning, such as those that accompany psychologic states

Front 17

Describe how stress and negative emotions may alter the immune system and lead to disease?

Back 17

Stress has been linked to altered immune function, and evidence strengthens the association of stress with potential for illness in humans

Front 18

what effect does noepinephrine have when released due to stress?

Back 18

regulates BP- during stress it constricts blood vessels, inhibits GI and dilates pupils

Front 19

Define psychological distress and coping:

Back 19

In psychological distress the individual feels a general state of unpleasant arousal after life events that manifests as physiologic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes.
Coping is defined as the process of managing stressful demands and challenges that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Front 20

What is the effect of Cortisol?

Back 20

1. increases blood glucose by increases gluconeogenesis
2. induces stronger sympathetic system effect on heart reate
3. decreases TSH and GH secretions causing:
3. decreases non-essential energy-using activities like hormone production, bone formation, red and white blood cell production

Front 21

Why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels?

Back 21

d.Glucose provides energy.
Rationale:The body’s energy requirements increase during periods of stress. Cortisol is the “stress hormone” —one of the effects of cortisol release is increased blood glucose levels. Glucose helps to meet the body’s increased demand for energy.