Ch. 10 Social Studies Study Guide

Front 1

Clergy

Back 1

the people with priestly authority in a religion

Front 2

Religious Order

Back 2

a group of people who live according to a religious rule

Front 3

Crusades

Back 3

a series of military expeditions from Christian Europe to Palestine

Front 4

Reconquista

Back 4

the series of campaigns by which Christian armies drove Muslim rulers out of Spain

Front 5

Inquisition

Back 5

a court established by the Roman Catholic Church to investigate people who may have strayed from the Roman Catholic faith and to strengthen the power of the Church

Front 6

Bubonic plague

Back 6

a disease that struck western Eurasia in the mid 1300s also known as Black Death

Front 7

Hundred Years’ War

Back 7

a series of wars between England and France

Front 8

Longbow

Back 8

a weapon that can shoot arrows able to penetrate a knight’s armor

Front 9

Magna Carta

Back 9

a list of rights written by England’s nobility and signed by King John

Front 10

Parliament

Back 10

a group of representatives with some powers of government

Front 11

Habeas Corpus

Back 11

the right of people not to be imprisoned unlawfully

Front 12

Divan

Back 12

an imperial council that advised the sultan in the Ottoman Empire

Front 13

Pope Gregory VII

Back 13

Pope who had a disagreement with Emperor Henry IV about appointing new officials

Front 14

Emperor Henry IV

Back 14

emperor who had a disagreement with Pope Gregory VII about appointing new officials

Front 15

Francis of Assisi

Back 15

an Italian who founded the Franciscan religious order

Front 16

Thomas Aquinas

Back 16

an Italian scholar who made a synthesis of classical philosophy and Christian theology

Front 17

Seljuk Turks

Back 17

members of a Turkish people that controlled central and western Asia from the 11th to the 13th century

Front 18

Saladin

Back 18

a military leader who united Muslims to fight the Christians in Palestine during the 12th century

Front 19

Joan of Arc

Back 19

a French peasant girl who led the French to victory over the English at Orlean’s in AD 1429

Front 20

King John

Back 20

the king of England who signed the Magna Carta

Front 21

Osman

Back 21

the Turkish leader who founded the Ottoman Empire

Front 22

Suleyman I

Back 22

the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who encouraged the arts and organized a legal code

Front 23

Janissaries

Back 23

a member of an elite fighting force of the Ottoman Empire, made up mainly of slaves

Front 24

Spain

Back 24

land on the Iberian peninsula that was conquered by Muslims but were reconquered by Christians in the Reconquista

Front 25

France

Back 25

country who was in war against England in the Hundred Years war and won and helped the Ottomans against the Hapsburgs

Front 26

England

Back 26

The country who fought against France in the Hundred Years war and lost and where the Magna Carta was signed and democratic thoughts were formed

Front 27

Holy Roman Empire

Back 27

Church that ruled through Europe after the Middle Ages through the clergy

Front 28

Syria

Back 28

Part of the Ottoman Empire

Front 29

Palestine

Back 29

part of the Ottoman Empire

Front 30

Ottoman Empire

Back 30

a turkish empire that was led by Osman that rose to power after the Crusades

Front 31

Why was the pope such a powerful political figure?

Back 31

The pope was a powerful political figure because the church was very wealthy, the church had many laypeople, and had the authority to accept people into the church community.

Front 32

What changes occurred on the Iberian Peninsula beginning in the 11th Century?

Back 32

In the 11th century, on the Iberian Peninsula, Muslim unity broke down, and there was a reconquest of Christian armies called the Reconquista.

Front 33

What were the short-term effects of the bubonic plague on Europe?

Back 33

The short-term effects of the bubonic plague were delay of wars and trade, loss of life, landowners were ruined by shortage of labor, hostility toward Jews, and weakened feudalism.

Front 34

Why was the Magna Carta an important document?

Back 34

The Magna Carta was an important document because it was the first document that limited the king’s power and protected the people’s rights from the king. It was the first document that started democratic thoughts.

Front 35

How were Christians and Jews treated under Ottoman rule?

Back 35

Under Ottoman rule, Christians and Jews were allowed to govern themselves, speak their own languages, and keep their own religion, as long as they stayed loyal to the empire and paid taxes.