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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cognitive ability
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the capacity to reason
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intelligence
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those attributes that center around skill at information processing problem solving and adapting to new or changing situatuons
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Stanford- Binet
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A test for determining a person's intelligence quotient of IQ
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IQ Test
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A test designed to measure intelligence on an objective, standarized scale
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intelligence quotient
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An index of intelligence that reflects the degree to which a persons score on an average intelligence test deviates from the average score of others in the same group
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aptitude test
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a test designed to measure a persons capacity to learn certain things tasks
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achievement test
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a measure of what has accomplished or in a particular area
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test
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a systematic procedure for observing behavior in a standarhelp of a numerical scale d situation and describing it with the
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norm
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a description of the frequency at which particular scores occur allowing scores to be compared statistically
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realiability
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the degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results
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validity
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the degree to which test are interpreted correctly and used appropriately
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psychometric approach
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a way of studying intelligence that emphasizes analysis of the products of intelligence expecially scores on intelligence tests
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fluid reasoning
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the basic power of reasoning and problem solving
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crystallized intelligence
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the specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence
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triarchtic theory of intelligence
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describes intelligens as having analytic, creative and practical dementions
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multiple intelligences
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8 semi independent kinds of intellengences
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divergent thinking
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the ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many fdifferent solutions to a problem
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creativity
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the capisity to prodcue new, hight quality ideas of product
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convergent thinking
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ablility to apply logic and knowlege to narrow possible solutions to a problem or preform some other complex task
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motivation
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the influences that account for the initiation direction intensity and persistence of behavior
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motive
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a reason or purpose for behavior
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instinct theory
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a view that explains human behavior as motivated by automatic involuntary and unlearned responses
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instincts
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innante, automatic dispositions toward responding in a particular way when confrontes with a specific stimulis
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homeostasis
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the tendency for organisms to keep their physiological systems at a stable steady level by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change
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drive reduction theory
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a theory of motivation stating that motivation arises from imbalences in homoestasis
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need
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a biological requirement for well being that is created by an imbalence in homeostasis
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drive
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a psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that prompts an organism to take action to restore the balence and reduce the drive
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primary drives
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drives that arise from basic biological needs
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secondary drives
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stimuli that acquire the motivational properties of primary drives through classical conditioning or other learning mechanisms
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arousal
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a general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems
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arousal theories
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theories of motivation stating that people are motivated to behave in ways that maintain what is for them an optimal level of arousal
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incentive theories
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a theory of motivation stating that behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli and avoiding unwanted stimuli
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hunger
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the general state of wanting to eat
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satiety
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the condition of no longer wanting to eat
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obesity
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a condition in which a person is severly overweight as mesured by a body-mass index greater that 30
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anorexia nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by self starvation and dramatic weight loss
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bulimia nervosa
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an eating disorder that involves eating massive amounts of food and then eliminating the food by self induced vomiting or the use of strong laxatives
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sexual response cycle
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the pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity
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sex hormones
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chemicals in the blood of males and females that have both organizational and activiational effects on sexual behavior
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estrogens
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feminine sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both men and women relatively more estrogens circulate in women
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progestins
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feminine sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both men and women more so in women
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androgens
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masculine sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream in both sexes, more in men than women
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need achievement
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a motive reflected in the degree to which a person establishes specific goals cares about meeting those goals and experiences feelings of satisfaction by doing so
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subjective well being
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a combination of cognitive judgement of satisfaction with life the frquent experiences of positive moods and emotiosn and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions
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emotions
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a transitory positive or negative experience that is felt as happening to the self, is generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation and is accompanied by both learned and reflexive physical responses
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SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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the sub-system of the autonomic nervous system that usually prepares the organism for vigorous activity
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the subsystem of hte autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection nourishment and growth of the body
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fight-or-flight syndrome
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the physical reactions initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that perpare the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation
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attribution
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the process of explaining the causes of an event
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excitation transfer
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a process in which arousal from on experience carries over to affect emotion in an independent situation
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