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87 Cards in this Set
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
A disease caused by HIV, which is transmitted through sexual contact, exposure to infected blood or blood components, and perinatally from mother to infant. The HIV virus invades the T4 lymphocytes and, as the disease progresses, the body's immune system becomes paralyzed. The patient becomes severely weakened and potentially fatal infections can occur. Pneumocystis peumonia (PCP) and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) account for many of the deaths of AIDS patients. |
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agglutination agglutinat-ion |
Process of clumping together, as of blood cells that are incompatible. |
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albumin |
One of the group of simple proteins found in blood plasma and serum. |
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allergy all-ergy |
An individual hypersensitivity to a substance that is usually harmless. Allergic rhinitis is commonly known as hay fever. |
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anaphylaxis ana-phylaxis |
Unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign proteins or other substances. It can occur suddenly, be life threatening, and affect the whole body. During an anaphylactic allergic reaction, tissues in different parts of the body release histamine and other substances. This causes constriction of the airways, resulting in wheezing, difficulty breathing and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. |
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anemia an-emia |
Literally a lack of RBCs, it's a reduction in the number of circulating RBC, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells (hematocrit). A normal RBC is biconcave with no nuclei and transports O2 and CO2. Symptoms of anemia are due to tissue hypoxia, or lack of O2. General symptoms include pallor, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, decreased exercise tolerance, tachycardia, and shortness of breath. There are many types and causes of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when there is an increased iron requirement, impaired absorption of iron, or hemorrhage. Other types of anemias include hemolytic pernicious, vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, sickle cell disease, and thalassemia. |
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anisocytosis anis/o-cyt-osis |
Condition in which the erythrocytes are unequal in size in shape. |
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antibody anti-body |
Protein substance produced in the body in response to an invading foreign substance (antigen). |
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anticoagulant anti-coagul-ant |
Substance that works against the formation of blood clots; a class of medication used in certain patients to prevent blood from clotting; a chemical compound used in medical equipment, such as test tubes, blood transfusion bags, and renal dialysis equipment. |
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antigen anti-gen |
Invading foreign substance that induces the formation of antibodies. |
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autoimmune disease |
Condition in which the body's immune system becomes defective and produces antibodies against itself. Hemolytic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and scleroderma are considered to be autoimmune diseases. |
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autotransfusion auto-trans fus-ion |
Process of infusing a patient's own blood. Methods used include harvesting the blood 1-3 weeks before elective surgery; salvaging intraoperative blood; and collecting blood from trauma or selected surgical patients for infusion within 4 weeks. |
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coagulate coagul-ate |
Capable of forming a clot. |
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corpuscle |
Blood cell |
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creatinemia creatin-emia |
Excess of creatine (nitrogenous compound produced by metabolic processes) in the blood. |
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embolus |
Blood clot carried in the bloodstream. A mass of undissolved matter present in a blood or lymphatic vessel and brought there by the blood or lymph current. Emboli can be solid, liquid, or gas. |
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erythroblast erythr/o-blast |
Immature red blood cell that's found only in bone marrow and still contains a nucleus. |
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erythrocytosis erythr/o-cyt-osis |
Abnormal condition in which there is an increase in production of red blood cells. |
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erythropoiesis erythr/o-poiesis |
Formation of red blood cells. |
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erythropoietin erhthr/o-poiet-in |
Hormone that stimulates the production of RBCs. |
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extravasation extra-vas-at(e)-ion |
Process by which fluids and/or intravenous medications can escape from the blood vessel into surrounding tissue. |
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fibrin fibr-in |
Insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin in the blood-clotting process. |
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globulin glubul-in |
Plasma protein found in body fluids and cells. |
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hematocrit hemat/o-crit |
Blood test that separates solids from plasma in the blood by centrifuging the blood sample; the percent of solid components to plasma components of blood varies with age and gender: men range 40-54%; women range 37-47%; children 35-49%; and newborn 49-54%. |
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hematologist hemat/o-log-ist |
Literally means one who specializes in the study of blood; physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases. |
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hematoma
hemat-oma |
Collection of blood that has escaped from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues; results from trauma or incomplete hemostasis after surgery. |
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hemochromatosis hem/o-chromat-osis |
Genetic disease condition in which iron is not metabolized properly and accumulates in body tissues. The skin has a bronze hue, the liver becomes enlarged and diabetes and cardiac failure can occur. |
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hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb, HGB) hem/o-globin |
Blood protein; the iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. |
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hemolysis hem/o-lysis |
Destruction of red blood cells. |
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hemophilia hem/o-philia |
Hereditary blood disease characterized by prolonged coagulation and tendency to bleed. |
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hemorrhage hem/o-rrhage |
Literally means bursting forth of blood; bleeding. |
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hemostasis hem/o-stasis |
Control or stopping of bleeding. |
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heparin |
Natural substance found in the liver, lungs, and other body tissues that inhibits blood clotting (anticoagulant). As a drug, heparin is used during certain types of surgery and in treatment of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary infarction. It can be administered by either subcutaneous or intravenous injection. |
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hypercalcemia hyper-calc-emia |
Pathological condition of excessive amounts of Ca in the blood. |
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hyperglycemia hyper-glyc-emia |
Pathological condition of excessive amounts of sugar in the blood. |
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hyperlipidemia hyper-lipid-emia |
Pathological condition of excessive amounts of fats in the blood. |
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hypoclycemia hypo-glyc-emia |
Condition of deficient amounts of sugar in the blood; low blood sugar. |
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hypoxia hyp-oxia |
Deficient amount of oxygen in the blood, cells, and tissues; also known as anoxia and hypoxemia. |
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immunoglobulin (Ig) immun/o-globul-in |
Blood protein capable of acting as an antibody. The five major types IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. |
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Kaposi sarcoma (KS) |
Malignant neoplasm that causes violaceous (violet-colored) vascular lesions and general lymphadenopathy (diseased lymph nodes); it is the most common AIDS-related tumor. |
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leukapheresis leuk-apheresis |
Separation of white blood cells from the blood. which are then transfused back into the patient. |
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leukemia leuk-emia |
Disease of the blood characterized by overproduction of leukocytes. Common types include chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). |
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leukocyte leuk/o-cyte |
White blood cell |
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leukocytopenia leuk/o-cyt/o-penia |
Lack of white blood cells. |
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lymph |
Clear, colorless, alkaline fluid found in the lymphatic vessels. |
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lymphadenitis lymph-aden-itis |
Inflammation of the lymph glands. |
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lymphangitis lymph-ang-itis |
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels. |
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lymphedema lymph-edema |
Abnormal accumulation of lymph in the interstitial spaces. |
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lymphoma lymph-oma |
Lymphoid neoplasm, usually malignant. Lymphomas are identified as Hodgkin disease or non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Radiation therapy is the primary treatment for early-stage Hodgkin disease. |
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lymphostasis lympho-stasis |
Control or stopping of the flow of lymph. |
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macrocytosis macr/o-cyt-osis |
Condition in which erythrocytes are larger than normal. |
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monocyte mono-cyte |
Largest leukocyte, which has one nucleus. |
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mononucleosis mono-nucle-osis |
Condition of excessive amounts of mononuclear leukocyte in the blood. |
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opportunistic infection |
An infection that occurs more frequently or is more severe in people with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV or people receiving chemotherapy, than in people with healthy immune systems. AIDS patients are very vulnerable to the these types of infections. |
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pancytopenia pan-cyt/o-penia |
Literally means lack of the cellular elements of the blood. |
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phagocytosis phag/o-cyt-osis |
Engulfing and eating of particulate substances such as bacteria, protozoa, cells and cell debris, dust particles, and colloids by phagocytes (leukocytes or macrophages). |
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plasma |
Fluid part the blood. |
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plasmapheresis plasm-ampheresis |
Removal of blood from the body and centrifuging it to separate the plasma from the blood and infusing the cellular elements back into the patient. |
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Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) |
Opportunistic infection (fungal infection of the lung) that is prevalent in AIDS patients; has high mortality rate if not treated. |
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prothrombin pro-thromb-in |
Chemical substance that interacts with Ca salts to produce thrombin.
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polycythemia poly-cyt-hem-ia |
Increased number of red blood cells.
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radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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Method of determining the concentration of protein-bound hormones in the blood plasma.
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reticulocyte reticul/o-cyte |
Red blood cell containing a network of granules; the last immature stage of a red blood cell.
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retrovirus
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Virus that contains a unique enzyme called reverse transcriptase that allows it to replicate within new host cells. HIV is a retrovirus; once it enters the cell, it can replicate and kill the cells, some lymphocytes directly, and disrupt the functioning the remaining CD4 cells.
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septicemia septic-emia |
Pathological condition in which bacteria are present in the blood.
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seroculture ser/o-culture |
Bacterial culture of blood.
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serum
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Blood serum is the clear, thin, and sticky fluid part of the blood that remains after blood clots; any clear watery fluid that has been separated from its more solid elements, such as the exudates from a blister.
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sideropenia sider/o-penia |
Lack of Fe in the blood.
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splenomegaly splen/o-megaly |
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
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stem cell
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A bone marrow cell that gives rise to different types of blood cells.
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thalassemia thalass-emia |
Hereditary anemia occurring in populations bordering the Mediterranean Sea and in Southeast Asia.
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Thrombectomy thromb-ectomy |
Surgical excision of a blood clot.
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thrombin thromb-in |
Blood enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
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thrombocyte thromb/o-cyte |
Clotting cell; a blood platelet
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thromboplastin thromb/o-plast-in |
Essential factor in the production of thrombin and blood clotting.
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thrombosis thromb-osis |
Formation, development, or existence of a blood clot, thrombus, within the vascular system. In venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, a thrombus forms on the wall of a vein, accompanied by inflammation and obstructed blood flow. Thrombi can form in either superficial or deep veins. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is generally a complication of hospitalization, surgery, and immobilization.
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thymoma thym-oma |
Tumor of the thymus.
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tonsillectomy tonsil-ectomy |
Surgical excision of the tonsil.
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transfusion trans-fus-ion |
Process by which blood is transferred from one individual to the vein of another.
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vasculitis vascul-itis |
Inflammation of a lymph or blood vessel.
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Tidal Volume (TV)
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Amount of air in a single inspiration and expiration. In the average adult male, about 500 mL of air enters the respiratory tract during normal quiet breathing.
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Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
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Amount of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal quiet respiration. This is also called the supplemental air, and measures approximately 1000-1200 mL.
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
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Amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal inspiration and measures approximately 3600 mL.
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Residual Volume (RV)
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Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration, about 1500 mL.
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Vital Capacity (VC) |
Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
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Functional Residual Capacity
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Volume of air that remains in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration.
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Total Lung Capacity (TLC) |
Maximal volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration.
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