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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neoplasm |
new growth |
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Cancer definition and characteristics |
any type of malignant growth • unrestrained growth and spread • cells do not respond to mechanisms that control cell growth • serves no useful purpose
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acranime for the warning signs of cancer |
CAUTION |
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C in CAUTION means |
changed in bowel/bladder habits or function |
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A in CAUTION means |
a sore that does not heal |
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U in CAUTION means |
Unusual bledding or discharge |
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T in CAUTION means |
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere |
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I in CAUTION means |
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing |
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O in CAUTION means |
Obvious change in wart or mole |
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N in CAUTION means |
Nagging cough or hoarseness |
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Benign growth rate |
slow |
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benign growth factor |
expansion |
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benigh tumor spread |
remains localized |
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benign cell differentiation |
well differentiated cells |
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Malignant growth rate |
rapid |
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malignant growth characteristic |
infiltration |
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malignant tumor spread |
metastasis by bloodstream or lymphatic channels |
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malignant cell differentiation |
poorly differentiated cells |
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Benign tumors are named |
by adding suffix -oma to the name of the cell of origin |
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Name of benign tumors 1. adenoma 2. angioma 3. chondroma 4. papilloma |
1. from glandular epithelium 2. from blood vessels 3. from cartilage 4. benign tumor on stalk arising from epithelial surface |
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malignant tumors orginate from |
single cells that has sustained damage to its genone causing proliferation abnormalities |
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malignant tumors behavior |
is different from normal cells |
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malignant tumors secrete |
growth factor to stimulate their own growth, allowing the tumor to grow and the other cells to suffer |
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malignant tumors secrets enzymes that break down normal cells and tissue to allow them to do what: |
1. infliltrate into adjacent tissue 2. invade lymphatic channels and blood vessels 3. spread throughout the body
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Death rate of tumor cells |
they become "immortal" |
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Most common: 85% of all tumors found in skin, larger intestine, glands, stomach, lungs, prostate |
carinoma |
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Metastasis |
carinoma (eithelial tissue) through lymph vessels |
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subtypes of carcinoma |
adenocariconam (internal organ or gland) squamous cell carcinoma (skin) |
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Sacroma cancer that arises from |
connective tissue such as fat, bone, cartilage, muscle |
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Sarcoma characteristics |
less common, spreads rapid anaplasia (lack of form) metastasis: bloodstream |
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Leukemia |
tumors of blood cells |
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leulemia |
1. usually do not form solid tumors 2. crowd out the normal cells in the bone marrow 3. tumor cells "spill over " into the bloodstreams and larger number of abnormal cells go through the circulator in the blood |
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Exception encountered in naming |
- lymphoid tumors - skin tumors from pigment producting cells - tumors of mixed cellular components - tumors that come from primitive cells in children |
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lymphoma |
tumors in the lymphoid tissue that is malignant |
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2 types of lymphoma |
1. hodgkins disease 2. non hodgkins disease difference is determined by the types of cells affected in the biopsy |
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types of cells in lymphoma that gives rise to tumors |
1. T cells 2. B cells (75% arise from these) 3. NK cells 4. histiocytes |
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Hodgkins disease characteristics |
consisting of Reed-Sternberg cells intermixed with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and fibrous tissue |
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Reed Sternberg cell: |
large cells with abundeant cytoplasm contained two nuclei with halos around them appearing as mirror images |
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non hodgkin lymphoma |
represents all other types of lymphoma |
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Most skin tumors arise from which cells |
keratinocytes or melanocytes
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skin tumors: basal cells |
deeper layer of leratinocytes near the dermis |
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skin tumors: squamous cells; |
upper layer of cells that form from basal cells in the dermis |
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skin tumor: melanocytes |
cells spread among the keratinocytes that are incharge of pigmeent produce melanin, dark brown pigment |
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Melanocyte: benign |
birthmark: pigment skin lesion derived from melanin producing cells |
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Melanocytes: malignant |
melanoma |
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Keratinocytes: benign |
kertoses |
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keratinocytes: malignant |
basal cells caricnoma and squamous cell carcinoma |
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basal cell carcinoma is made up of |
clusters of infiltrating cells that look like normal basal cells, slow growing tumor, rarely metastasizes |
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squamous cell carcinoma |
aggresive tumor that sometimes metastasizes |
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treatement for squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma |
surgical removal |
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Teratoma |
tumor that can give rise to a number of different tissues such as bone, muscle, glands, hair |
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teratoma organization and components |
poorly organized and mixed components |
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teratoma is mainly found where in the body |
reproductive tract |
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teratoma severity depends on what |
a maturity of the cell |
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cystic teratoma |
is a cyst in the ovaries |
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primitive cell tumors come from |
peristent groups of primitive cells and may arise in children - brain - retina -adrenal glands -kidney liver gential treact |
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primitive cell tumors nomenclature |
orgine of the tumor plus blastoma |
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tumors aquire blood from where |
from the tissue that they invade |
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maligent tumors adquire blood supply how |
the induce new blood vessels to the neighboring tissue to supple the tumor with blood |
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malignent tumor necrosis |
is what happens to the part of the tumor that has the least amount of blood supply |
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blood avaliabe to the tumor depends on |
the location of the tumor on whether it is rich or poor |
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tumor blood supply in the lungs |
blood supply is best in the periphry of the tumor and poorest in the center |
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tumor is growing outward from epithelium best blood supple is |
at the base and poorest at the surface |
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anemia caused by tumors |
small blood vessel at the base of the tumor may start to ooze blood |
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ulcerated tumor may cause |
severe hemorrhage |
