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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is a charged atom
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ion
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metals that tend to form positive ions
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cations
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nonmetals that tend to form negative ions
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anions
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the charge on a single atom
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oxidation number
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why can transition elements have variable oxidation numbers
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they have the ability to lose electrons from both the outer level and the outer sublevel
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increases down the groups and increases across a period until 9
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density
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increases down the groups and decreases across the periods
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atomic radii
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what is atomic radii
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size of an atom
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the result of more electrons between the nucleus and the outer level electrons lessens
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shielding effect
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what is ionic radii
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size of an ion
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the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom
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ionization energy
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the energy needed to remove the first electron
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1st ionization energy
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decreases down a group and increases across a period
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ionization energy
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3 things of metals
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lose electrons in reactions
big atoms more reactive francium is most reactive |
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3 things of nonmetals
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gain electrons in reactions
small atoms more reaactive fluorine is most reactive |
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how effective is the nucleus at holding on to it's electrons
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effective nuclear charge
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if an atoms nucleus is very effective it pulls the electrons in tightly making the atom smaller and more difficult to remove electrons from
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higher ionization energy
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if an atoms nucleus is not very effective it allows the electrons in spread out away from the nucleus making the atom larger and easier to remove electrons from
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lower ionization energy
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the most electrons that can be taken
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7 e-
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which level goes first
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outer level
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center for density
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Ir
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bottom center
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towards higher density
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bottom left
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bigger size
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Fr is biggest
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Largest Element
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ions are smaller
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positive ions
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ions are larger
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negative ions
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use the roman numerals above each group up to find __________ or use 2+ if too high(past 7)
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predicting the oxidation number of metals
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count over to the closest Noble Gas and assign a negative oxidation number
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predictiong oxidation numbers for nonmetals
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I
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1
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II
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2
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III
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3
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IV
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4
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V
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5
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VI
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6
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VII
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7
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negative oxidation numbers
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gain electrons
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positive oxidation numbers
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lose electrons
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why do transition elements exhibit more than one possible oxidation number
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most have 2 valence e-
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