Ch. 10

Front 1

musculoskeletal system includes:

Back 1

muscles, bones, joints, tendons, and connective tissue

Front 2

Muscles

Back 2

contribute to posture, make up the bulk of the body

Front 3

muscles have ability to:

Back 3

be excited by a stimulus, contract, relax, and return to their original size and shape

Front 4

muscles responsibility

Back 4

movement

Front 5

skeletal muscles

Back 5

voluntary or striated muscles, action is under voluntary control, ex. eyes, tounge, and bones

Front 6

cardiac muscle

Back 6

found only in the heart, produces involuntary contractions

Front 7

smooth muscles

Back 7

involuntary or visceral. found in visceral organs, walls of arteries, and respiratory passages, and urinary and reproductive ducts. controlled by autonomic nervous system

Front 8

articulation

Back 8

place of union between two or more bones; also called joints

Front 9

fleshy attachments

Back 9

muscle fibers arise directly from bone

Front 10

fibrous attachments

Back 10

the connective tissue converges at the end of the muscle to become continuous and indistinguishable from the periosteum

Front 11

tendon

Back 11

when connective tissue fibers form a cord or strap

Front 12

ligaments

Back 12

flexible bands of fibrous tissue that are highly adapted for resisting strains and are one of the principal mechanical factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint

Front 13

Bones

Back 13

provide the framework of the body, protect internal organs, store calcium, and produce blood cells within bone marrow

Front 14

bone marrow

Back 14

responsible for hematopoiesis

Front 15

bones store

Back 15

minerals like phosphorus and calcium

Front 16

bone types

Back 16

206

Front 17

short bones

Back 17

core spongy bone, ex. toes, ankles, wrist

Front 18

irregular bones

Back 18

complex shapes, ex. vertebrae and middle ear

Front 19

flat bones

Back 19

broad surfaces for muscular attachment & protection for internal organs ex. skull, shoulder blades

Front 20

long bones

Back 20

found in the appendages of the body, legs, arms, fingers

Front 21

axial skeleton regions

Back 21

skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. provides protection for internal organs

Front 22

skull

Back 22

consists of cranial bones and facial bones, jointed together by sutures

Front 23

trochanter

Back 23

very irregular, ex. greater trochanter of the femur

Front 24

tubercle

Back 24

small, rounded process ex. tubercle of the femur

Front 25

tuberosity

Back 25

large, round process ex. tuberosity of the humerous

Front 26

meatus

Back 26

opening or passage into a bone ex. external auditory meatus (ear hole)

Front 27

facial bones

Back 27

all are joined by sutures and are immoveable except the mandible

Front 28

vertebral column

Back 28

26 bones, supports the body and provides a protective canal for spinal cord. consist of cervical, thoracic, and sacral

Front 29

7 cervical vertebrae form:

Back 29

skeletal framework of the neck

Front 30

atlas

Back 30

supports the skull

Front 31

axis

Back 31

makes possible the rotation of the skull on the neck

Front 32

12 thoracic vertebrae

Back 32

support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs

Front 33

lumbar vertebrae

Back 33

lower back, carry weight of torso

Front 34

sacrum

Back 34

5 sacral vertebrae, fused into a single bone in the adult

Front 35

coccyx

Back 35

four or five fragments fused vertebrae

Front 36

appendicular skeleton

Back 36

bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton. enables the body to move

Front 37

diarthroses

Back 37

freely moveable

Front 38

amphiarthroses

Back 38

slightly moveable

Front 39

synarthroses

Back 39

immoveable

Front 40

greater trochanter of the body

Back 40

femur

Front 41

pelves

Back 41

plural form of pelvis

Front 42

thoraco

Back 42

chest

Front 43

brachio

Back 43

arm

Front 44

ankylosis

Back 44

immobility and stiffness of a joint

Front 45

arthro

Back 45

joint

Front 46

kyphosis

Back 46

abnormal condition of a humpback posture

Front 47

scoliosis

Back 47

abnormal bending of the spine

Front 48

claudication

Back 48

lameness, limping

Front 49

exacerbation

Back 49

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

Front 50

ganglion cyst

Back 50

tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist

Front 51

talipes equinovarus

Back 51

congenital deformity of one or both feet (pulled downward) clubfoot

Front 52

lordosis

Back 52

inward curvature of the spine (sway back)

Front 53

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 53

systemic disease, imflammatory changes in joints. affects people of any age group

Front 54

osteoarthritis

Back 54

degenerative joint disease, cartilage destruction. fusion of two bone surfaces immobilizing the joint

Front 55

gouty arthritis

Back 55

(gout) metabolic disease caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the blood