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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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computer security risk
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any event or acton that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, processing capability
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computer crime
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any illegal act involving a computer
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cybercrime
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online or Internet-based illegal acts
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hacker
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someone who accesses a computer or network illegally
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cracker
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someone who accesses a computer or network illegally but has the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action
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script kiddie
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same intent as cracker; doesn’t have the technical skills and knowledge
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corporate spies
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hired to break into a specific computer and steal its proprietary data and information
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cyberextortionist
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someone who uses e-mail as a vehicle for extortion
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malware
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short for malicious software; programs that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the computer’s operations
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virus
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affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the
computer works without the user’s knowledge or permission |
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worm
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program that copies itself repeatedly using up resources an dpossibly shutting down the computer or network
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Trojan horse
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program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program
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rootkit
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program that hides in a computer and allows someone from a remote
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payload
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the destructive event or prank the program is intended to deliver
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trusted source
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an organization or person you believe will not send a virus infected file knowingly
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botnet
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a group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the Internet that are used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes
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zombie
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a compromised computer whose owner is unaware the computer is being controlled remotely by an outsider
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DoS attack
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denial of service attack; an assault whose purpose is to disrupt computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail
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back door
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a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network
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spoofing
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a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network
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unauthorzied use
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the use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities
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unauthorized access
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the use of a computer or network without permission
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CAPTCHA
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Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart; a program that verifies user input is not computer generated
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possessed object
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any item that you must carry to gain access to a computer or computer facility
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biometric device
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authenticates a person’s identity by translating a personal characteristic into a digital code stored in the computer verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic
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digital forensics
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computer, network, or cyberforensics; the discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks
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hardware theft
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the act of stealing computer equipment
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hardware vandalism
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the act of defacing or destroying computer equipment
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software theft
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when someone steals software media, intentionally erases programs, illegally copies a program, or illegally registers and/or activates a program
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license agreement
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the right to use the software
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information theft
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when someone steals personal or confidential information
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encryption
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the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access
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decrypt
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decipher
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encryption algorithm
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set of steps that can convert readable plaintext into unreadable ciphertext
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encryption key
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a programmed formula that the originator of the data uses to encrypt the plaintext and the recipient of the data uses to decrypt the ciphertext
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plaintext
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an original readable text, as opposed to a coded version
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ciphertext
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encrypted text
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digital signature
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an encrypted code that a person, Web site, or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the message sender
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digital certificate
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a notice that guarantees a user or a Web site is legitimate
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certificate authority
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an authorized person or a company that issues and verifies digital certificates
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system failure
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the prolonged malfunction of a computer
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surge protector
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uses special electrical components to provide a stable current flow to the computer and other electronic equipment
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UPS
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uninterruptible power supply; contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a loss of power
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backup
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a duplicate of a file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed
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restore
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copying the backed up files to their original location on the computer
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WAP
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wireless access point
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war driving
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individuals attempt to detect wireless networks via their notebook computer or mobile device while driving a vehicle through areas they suspect have a wireless network
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WPA
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Wi-Fi protected access; a security standard that improves on older security standards by authenticating network users an dproviding more advanced encryption techniques
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802.11i or WPA2
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most recent network security standard; conforms to the government’s security standards and uses more sophisticated encryption techniques than WPA
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RSI
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repetitive strain injury; an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints
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CVS
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computer vision syndrome
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ergonomics
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an applied science devoted to incorporation comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace
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computer addiction
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occurs when the computer consumes someone’s entire social life
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computer ethics
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the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems
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National Press Photographers
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believes that allowing even the slightest alteration could lead to misrepresentative photos
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Intellectual Property Rights
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the rights to which creators are entitled for their work
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copyright
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gives authors and artists exclusive rights to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials
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green computing
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involves reducing the electricity and environmental wste while using a computer
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energy star program
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helps reduce the amount of electricity used by computers and related devices
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information privacy
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refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them
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electronic profile
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personal data that is submitted into an online database
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cookie
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a small text file that a Web server stores on your computer
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spyware
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a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user
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adware
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a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window
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spam
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an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to multiple recipients or newsgroups at once
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phishing
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a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information
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pharming
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a scam where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information, except they do so via spoofing
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social engineering
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gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others
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employee monitoring
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involves the use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee’s use of a computer
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