Ch 10

Front 1

arthr/o

Back 1

articulation

Front 2

cerebell/o

Back 2

cerebellum (little brain)

Front 3

cerebr/o

Back 3

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

Front 4

crani/o

Back 4

skull

Front 5

encephal/o

Back 5

entire brain

Front 6

gangli/o

Back 6

ganglion (knot)

Front 7

gli/o

Back 7

glue

Front 8

gnos/o

Back 8

knowing

Front 9

hypn/o
somn/i
somn/

Back 9

sleep

Front 10

kinesi/o

Back 10

movement

Front 11

lex/o

Back 11

word or phrase

Front 12

mening/o
meningi/o

Back 12

meninges ( membrane)

Front 13

myel/o

Back 13

spinal cord or bone marrow

Front 14

narc/o

Back 14

stupo,sleep

Front 15

neur/o

Back 15

nerve

Front 16

phas/o

Back 16

speech

Front 17

phob/o

Back 17

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

Front 18

phor/o

Back 18

carry or bear

Front 19

phren/o
psych/o
thym/o

Back 19

mind

Front 20

schiz/o

Back 20

split

Front 21

somat/o

Back 21

body

Front 22

spin/o

Back 22

spine (thorn)

Front 23

spondyl/o
vertebr/o

Back 23

vertebra

Front 24

ster/o

Back 24

three dimensional or solid

Front 25

tax/o

Back 25

order or coordiation

Front 26

thalam/o

Back 26

thalamus ( a room)

Front 27

ton/o

Back 27

tone or tension

Front 28

top/o

Back 28

place

Front 29

ventricul/o

Back 29

ventricle ( belly or pouch)

Front 30

cata-

Back 30

down

Front 31

-asrhenia

Back 31

weakness

Front 32

-lepsy

Back 32

seizure

Front 33

-mania

Back 33

condition of abnormal impulse toward

Front 34

-paresis

Back 34

slight paralysis

Front 35

-plegia

Back 35

paralysis

Front 36

central nervous system (cns)

Back 36

brain or spinal cord

Front 37

brain

Back 37

portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

Front 38

cerebrum

Back 38

largest portion of the brain. its divided into two halves

Front 39

frontal lobe

Back 39

anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality

Front 40

parietal lobe

Back 40

portion posterior to thefrontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temp, and touch

Front 41

temporal lobe

Back 41

poortion that lies below the lies below the frontal lobe, responsible for hearing taste & smell

Front 42

occipital lobe

Back 42

portion prosterior to the parital and temporal lobes responsible for vision

Front 43

cerebral cortex

Back 43

outer layer of the cerebrum consisiting of gray matter, responsible for higher mental functions

Front 44

thalamus

Back 44

2 gray matter nuclei deep within the brain responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex

Front 45

gyri

Back 45

ring or circle

Front 46

sulci

Back 46

ditch, shallow groves

Front 47

fissures

Back 47

splitting crack. deep grooves in the brain

Front 48

cerebellum

Back 48

portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles

Front 49

brainstem

Back 49

region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerecellum, and spinal cord responsible for breathing, heart rate and body temp.

Front 50

ventricles

Back 50

series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem filled with cerebrospianal fluid

Front 51

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 51

plasma like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

Front 52

spinal cord

Back 52

column of nervous tissue from the brain stem through the vertebrae, responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and body

Front 53

meninges

Back 53

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord consisting of the dura mater pia mater and arachnoid.

Front 54

peripheral nervous system

Back 54

nerves that branch from the central nervous system, including nerves of the brain and spinal cord

Front 55

cranial nerves

Back 55

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

Front 56

spinal nerves

Back 56

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Front 57

sensory nerves

Back 57

nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory info to the brain-also called afferent nerves

Front 58

motor nerves

Back 58

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands

Front 59

automatic nervous system

Back 59

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle cardiac muscle and various glands

Front 60

hypothalamus

Back 60

control center for the automatic nervous system located below the thalamus

Front 61

sympathetic nervous system

Back 61

division of the ans concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations

Front 62

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 62

division of the ans that is most active in ordinary conditions; it restores the body to a restful state after a stressful experience

Front 63

aphasia

Back 63

condition w/o speech

Front 64

dysarthria

Back 64

condition of difficult articulation

Front 65

dysphasia

Back 65

difficulty speaking

Front 66

coma

Back 66

general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness.

Front 67

delirium

Back 67

state of mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function

Front 68

dementia

Back 68

impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss

Front 69

motor deficit

Back 69

loss or impairment of muscle function

Front 70

sensory deficit

Back 70

loss or impairment of sensation

Front 71

neuralgia

Back 71

pain along the course of a nerve

Front 72

paralysis

Back 72

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

Front 73

flaccid paralysis

Back 73

defective or absent muscle control caused by a nerve or lesion

Front 74

spastic paralysis

Back 74

stiff or awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

Front 75

hemiparesis

Back 75

partial paralysis of the right or left hal of the body

Front 76

sciqtica

Back 76

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots

Front 77

seizure

Back 77

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses

Front 78

convulsion

Back 78

to pull together, type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

Front 79

syncope

Back 79

fainting

Front 80

tactile stimulation

Back 80

evoking a response by touvhing

Front 81

hyperesthesia

Back 81

increased sensitivity to stimulatiion such as touch or pain

Front 82

paresthesia

Back 82

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

Front 83

agnosia

Back 83

any of many types of loss of neurological function associated with interpretation of sensory information

Front 84

astereognosis

Back 84

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

Front 85

atopognosis

Back 85

inability to locate a sensation properly such as to locate a point touched on the body

Front 86

alzheimer disease

Back 86

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control

Front 87

amyotrophic lateral

Back 87

a condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control

Front 88

cerebral palsy

Back 88

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth, characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle condition

Front 89

cerebrovascular disease

Back 89

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessel of the brain

Front 90

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Back 90

hardening of the arteries of the brain

Front 91

cerebral atherosclerosis

Back 91

condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain

Front 92

cerebral aneurysm

Back 92

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

Front 93

cerebral thrombosis

Back 93

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

Front 94

cerebral embolism

Back 94

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation

Front 95

cerebrovascular accident stroke

Back 95

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease

Front 96

transient ischemic attack

Back 96

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain

Front 97

carotid

Back 97

ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain

Front 98

vertebrobasilar

Back 98

ischemia of the posterior circulation of the brain

Front 99

encephalitis

Back 99

inflamation of the brain

Front 100

epilepsy

Back 100

disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures

Front 101

tonic-clonic

Back 101

stiffening-jerking

Front 102

absence

Back 102

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement

Front 103

partial

Back 103

seizure involving limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

Front 104

glioma

Back 104

tumor of glial cells graded by degree of malignancy

Front 105

herniated disk

Back 105

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes causing compression on the nerve root

Front 106

herpes zoster

Back 106

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves

Front 107

Huntington disease

Back 107

hereditary disease of the central nervous system

Front 108

huntington chorea

Back 108

characterized by bizarre involuntary body movements and progressive dementia

Front 109

hydrocephalus

Back 109

abnormal accumilation of cerebospina fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection , injury or tumor

Front 110

meningioma

Back 110

benign tumor of the coverinngs of the brain

Front 111

meningitis

Back 111

inflammation of the meninges

Front 112

migraine headache

Back 112

paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and vomiting lasting hours and days and caused by dilation of arteries

Front 113

multiple sclerosis

Back 113

disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers with episodes of neurological dysfunction

Front 114

myasthenia gravis

Back 114

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength with activity and a return of strength after a period of rest

Front 115

myelitis

Back 115

inflammation of the spinal cord

Front 116

narcolepsy

Back 116

sleep disorder, when you suddenly fall asleep

Front 117

Parkinson disease

Back 117

condition of slowly progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem resulting in decrease of dopamine; characterized by tremor, rigidly of muscles, and slow movements

Front 118

plegia

Back 118

paralysis

Front 119

hemiplegia

Back 119

paralysis on one side of the body

Front 120

paraplegia

Back 120

paralysis from the waist down

Front 121

quadriplegia

Back 121

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 122

poliomyelitis

Back 122

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Front 123

polyneuritis

Back 123

inflammation involving two or more nerves

Front 124

reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Back 124

condition of abnormal function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to pain perception

Front 125

sleep apnea

Back 125

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

Front 126

spina bifida

Back 126

congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue

Front 127

electoencephalogram

Back 127

record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain used to identify neurological conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness

Front 128

evoked potentials

Back 128

record of minute electrical potentials that are extracted from ongoing eeg activity to diagnose auditory, visual, and sensory pathway disorders

Front 129

nerve conduction velocity

Back 129

electrical shock of peripheral nerves to record time of condition; used to diagnose various peripheral nervous system diseases

Front 130

polysomnography

Back 130

recording of various aspects of sleep

Front 131

lumbar puncture

Back 131

intro of a specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose such as to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing; also called a spinal tap

Front 132

magnetic resonance imaging

Back 132

nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio frequency waves to visualize anatomical structures such as tissues of the brain and spinal cord

Front 133

magnetic resonance angiography

Back 133

use of magnetic resonance in imaging of the blood vessels-useful in detecting pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis

Front 134

intacranial

Back 134

magnetic resonance image of the head to visualize the vessels of the circle of Willis

Front 135

extracranial

Back 135

magnetic resonance image of the neck to visualize the carotid artery

Front 136

nuclear medicine imaging

Back 136

radionuclide organ imaging

Front 137

SPECT brain scan

Back 137

scan combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of the brain after administration of radioactive isotopes

Front 138

positron emission

Back 138

images of brain anatomy corresponding physiology

Front 139

radiography

Back 139

x-ray imaging

Front 140

cerebral angiogram

Back 140

x-ray of blood vessels int the brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

Front 141

computed tomography

Back 141

x-ray images of the head used to visualize abnormalities within

Front 142

myelogram

Back 142

x-ray of the spinal cord made after intraspinal injection of contrast medium

Front 143

reflex testing

Back 143

test performed to observe the bodys response to a stimulus

Front 144

deep tendon reflexes

Back 144

involuntary muscle contraction after percussion at a tendon

Front 145

babinski sign or reflex

Back 145

pathelogical response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot; a positive sign is indicated when the toes dorsiflex

Front 146

transcranial sonogram

Back 146

image made by sending ultrasound beans through the skull to assess blood flow in intracranial vessels, used in diagnosis and management of stroke and head trauma

Front 147

craniectomy

Back 147

excision of the part of the skull to approach the brain

Front 148

craniotomy

Back 148

incision into the skull to approach the brain

Front 149

diskectomy

Back 149

removal of a herniated disk often done percutaneoulsly

Front 150

laminectomy

Back 150

excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord