Ch. 10

Front 1

Manifest Destiny

Back 1

Belief of many Americans in the mid-1800's that God intended the United States to expand westward.

Front 2

Empresarios

Back 2

Agents who contracted with the Mexican government to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800's.

Front 3

Tejanos

Back 3

Native Mexicans who lived in Texas.

Front 4

Stephen F. Austin

Back 4

Was the son of Moses Austin and assumed the empresario grant and established a colony on the gulf coast of Texas that same year.

Front 5

Antonio López de Santa Anna

Back 5

He was a war general that established dictatorial control over the Mexican government.

Front 6

Texas Revolution

Back 6

(1835-36) Revolt against Mexico by American setters and Tejanos in Texas.

Front 7

Sam Houston

Back 7

Was the commander of the Texas army, a force of approximately 900 rebels surprised Santa Anna's troops.

Front 8

Battle of San Jacinto

Back 8

(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in independence for Texas.

Front 9

Juan Seguín

Back 9

He was a leading Tejano figure in the Texas Revolution.

Front 10

James K. Polk

Back 10

He was a former governor of Tennessee. He was one who seemed to have a little chance of winning.

Front 11

Zachary Taylor

Back 11

He was a general with the conflict of Mexico.

Front 12

John Slidell

Back 12

He was a Louisiana lawyer and politician.

Front 13

Stephen Kearny

Back 13

He occupied Santa Fe and seized control of New Mexico.

Front 14

John C. Frémont

Back 14

He was a captain, U.S. army officer and explorer who had headed an expedition into California in 1845.

Front 15

Bear Flag Revolt

Back 15

(1846) Revolt against Mexico by American settlers in California who declared the area an independent republic.

Front 16

Winfield Scott

Back 16

He was a general who led some 10,000 U.S. soldiers and captured a fortified castle in the city of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico in March 1847.

Front 17

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Back 17

(1848) Treaty that ended the Mexican War and gave the United States much of Mexico's northern territory.

Front 18

Mexican Cession

Back 18

Land that Mexico gave to the United States after the Mexican War through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; includes present day California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and Wyoming.

Front 19

Gadsden Purchase

Back 19

(1853) U.S. purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico.

Front 20

Juan Cortina

Back 20

He was a member of a prominent Tejano family in South Texas and headed a Mexican American rebellion.

Front 21

Mountain Men

Back 21

Men who hunted for fur in the Far West.

Front 22

Rendezvous System

Back 22

System devised by William Ashley to have fur trappers gather once a year to sell furs and buy supplies.

Front 23

William Becknell

Back 23

He was a merchant, and in 1821 he loaded a wagon train with tools, clothing, and other goods and headed to Santa Fe from Missouri.

Front 24

Santa Fe Trail

Back 24

Route that ran from Missouri to New Mexico.

Front 25

William Ashley

Back 25

He developed the rendezvous system, which was a method of doing business.

Front 26

Oregon Trail

Back 26

Route to Oregon Territory in the 1800's.

Front 27

Narcissa Prentiss Whitman

Back 27

She was one of the early Protestant missionaries in Oregon Country and married Marcus Whitman.

Front 28

Marcus Whitman

Back 28

He married Marcus and the two of them together helped found a missionary.

Front 29

Donner Party

Back 29

(1846-47) Group of travelers to California who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada during the winter; some 42 members of the party died.

Front 30

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Back 30

(1851) Agreement that set boundaries for American Indians and allowed the U.S. government to build roads and forts in Indian Territory.

Front 31

Brigham Young

Back 31

He was a leader of missionaries and led thousands of Mormons that began to migrate to the Mexican territory of Utah in 1847.

Front 32

Forty-Niners

Back 32

Gold seekers who traveled to California during the gold rush.

Front 33

Californios

Back 33

Spanish settlers who lived in California.

Front 34

John Augustus Sutter

Back 34

He was a Swiss adventurer who acquired a huge land grant from Mexico in 1839.

Front 35

California Trail

Back 35

Southern branch of the Oregon Trail; took settlers to northern California.

Front 36

James W. Marshall

Back 36

Was an employee of John Augustus Sutter and on January 24, 1848, he detected flakes of heavy yellow metal at the bottom of a wooden canal used to divert water from the American River.